An Online Introduction to the Biology of Animals and Plants

 
     
 

INDEX OF TERMS

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 

A

Abdomen (Insects) 
Absorption, Light and Reflection 
Adaptations (Evolutionary)
Adaptive Radiation
Adhesion (Water, Bryophytes)
Adhesion  (Water, Ferns)
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration vs Photosynthesis
Aerobic Respiration & Plants
Age of the Earth
Algae
Algae:  Types of 
Alleles
Allergies:  Mites
Alligators
Alternation of Generations
Alternation of Generations (Bryophytes)
Alternation of Generations  (Cnidaria)
Alternation of Generations  (Ferns)
Alternation of Generations  (Flatworms)
Alternation of Generations  (Parasites - Apicomplexans)
Amebas / Sarcodines
Amebic Dysentery
Amebocytes / Ameboid Cells   (Sponge)
Amniote Eggs
Amphibians - Basic Features
Amphibians - Subgroups
Analogous traits
Anecdotal Evidence
Angiosperms
Angiosperm Leaves
Angiosperm Life Cycle
Angiosperm - Monocots vs Dicots
Angiosperm Roots
Angiosperm Seeds
Angiosperm Stems
Animalia
Ant Behavior
AntheridiumFern
Antheridium, Moss
Antibodies
Antigens
Ants / Hymenoptera
Apical Meristem
Apicomplexans /  Sporozoans
Arachnids
Arachnids:  Leg Numbers
Archaea
Archaeopteryx
Archegonium  ,  Fern
Archegonium, Moss
Arterial Arches
Arthropods
Arthropods:  Features
Arthropods -  Segmented Worm Similarities
Arthropods:  Size Limitations
Arthropods:  Subgroups
Arthropods:  Success
Artifacts
Artificial Selection
Ascaris
Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction
ATP / Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP & Plants
Autotrophs
Auxins & Germination
Auxins and Light

B

Backbone / Vertebral Column w/ Spinal Cord
Bark
Beaver Fever (Giardiasis)
Bee Behavior
Bees / Hymenoptera
Behavior:  Ants
Beetles / Coleoptera
Beginnings of Life:  SEE Life Origins.
Behavior:  Bees
Behavior:  Social Insect
Behavior:  Termites 
Bilateral Symmetry
Binomial Nomenclature
Biochemistry, Comparative
Biogeography
Birds - Basic Features
Birds - Evolution & Dinosaurs
Bivalves - Clams & Relatives
Bladder Worms
Blending (Inheritance)
Blind & Double-Blind Tests
Blood Cells, Vertebrate
Body Cavities
Body Plan:  Insects
Bony Fish - Basic Features
Bony Fish - Evolution
Bony Fish - Subgroups
Bottleneck Effect
Brittle Stars
Bryophyte Types
Bugs, True / Hemiptera
Butterflies and Moths / Lepidoptera

C

Caduceus
Caenorhabditis elegans
Cambrian Explosion
Carotenoids 
Cartilage Fish - Basic Features
Cartilage Fish - Subgroups
Catastrophes
Cavities, Body
Cell Division:  Meiosis
Cell Division:  Meiosis
Cell Layers, Three  - Flatworms
Cell Membrane
Cell Membranes, and Lipids
Cells:  Size Limits on  
Cell Theory (1838)
Cell Walls
Centipedes
Central Nerve Cord in Invertebrates
Cephalization
Cephalochordates
Cephalopods - Octopus, Squids, & Relatives
Cestodes
Chagas Disease
Chance, Role of
Chelicerates
Chelipeds (Scorpion)
Chemosynthesis
Chinese Liver Fluke / Clonorchis
Chlorophyll 
Chloroplasts, Origin
Choanocyte / Collar Cell
Chordates
Chordates, Invertebrate - Types
Chromatophores
Chromosome Number
Chromosome Number:  Diploid
Chromosome Number:  Haploid
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Cicadas
Cilia & Flagella
Circular Muscles
Circulation, Closed
Circulation, Open
Cladistics
Clams & Relatives
Classification:  Determining Groups
Classification:  Rules for Disputes
Classification:  Super- and Sub- Groupings
Classification:  System Organization Levels
Cleavage, Radial
Cleavage, Spiral
Clock, Molecular
Clonorchis
Closed Circulation
Closed Circulation in Chordates
Club Mosses
Cnida
Cnidaria Characteristics
Cnidaria-Sponge Similarities
Cnidaria:  Human Impacts
Cnidaria Types
Cockroaches
Coevolution
Cohesion  (Water)
Coleoptera / Beetles
Collar Cell 
Colonial Organisms
Colonialism, Origins
Commensals - Protozoan
Commensals  - Pinworms
Comparative Biochemistry
Comparative Embryology
Compound Microscopes
Cones:  Male vs Female
Confounding Factors
Conifers
Conifers:  Life Cycle
Conjugation
Continental Drift
Contractile Vacuole
Control Group
Controlled Experiments
Convergent Evolution
Corals
Cotyledon
Creeping Eruption
Crickets
Crocodiles & Alligators
Crustaceans
Cuticle (Plants)
Cuticle (Roundworms)
Cycads
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm (Ameba)

D

Damselflies
Darwin, Charles (mid- to late-1800s)
Data:  Quantitative vs Qualitative
Decapods:  Leg Numbers
Defenses, Plant
Definitive Host
Definitive / Final Hosts  - Flatworms
Deoxyribonucleic Acid -  DNA
Dermis & Epidermis
Deuterostomes
Deuterostome Groups
Development - Direct
Development - Indirect
Dicots vs Monocots
Diffusion (Bryophytes)
Diffusion ((Ferns)
Digestive System: Tube
Dinosaurs & Bird Evolution
Dioecious
Diploid
Diploid  (Ferns)
Diptera / Flies
Disease not a likely Mass Killer
Disease & Ticks
Divergent Evolution
Division, Cell:  Meiosis
Division, Cell:  Meiosis
DNA
Dominant / Recessive Alleles
Dracunculus medinensis / "Guinea Worms"
Dragonflies
Dysentery, Amebic

E

Earth:  Age of the Earth
Earth:  Conditions, Early Earth
Earth:  Hydrothermal Vents
Earth:  Life History, Overview
Earth:  Oxygen's Effects, Early
Earthworms
Echinoderms
Echinoderm Features
Echinoderm Subgroups
Ectoderm / Epidermis
Ectoderm  - Flatworms
Ectoplasm
Eggs, Amniote 
Egg Cells
Electron Microscope
Elephantiasis
Embryo, Conifer
Embryology, Comparative
Embryology: Protostomes & Deuterostomes
Endocrine System
Endoderm
Endoderm  - Flatworms
Endoplasm
Endoskeleton
Endoskeleton - Chordates
Endoskeleton - Echinoderm
Endosymbiont Theory
Endotherms / "Warm-Blooded" 
Environments, Protozoans
Epidermis & Dermis
Epidermis / Ectoderm  - Sponge
Epigenetic Factor
Eukaryote / Prokaryote Differences
Eukaryote vs Prokaryote 
Eukaryotes, Rise of
Eukaryote Origins:  Endosymbiont Theory
Evolution:  Arthropods
Evolution:  Arthropods:  Segmented Worm Similarities
Evolution:  Artificial Selection
Evolution:  Birds & Dinosaurs
Evolution:  Bony Fish
Evolution:  Bottleneck Effect
Evolution and Chance
Evolution:  Coevolution
Evolution:  Divergent vs Convergent Evolution
Evolution - Definition
Evolution:  Fish, Bony
Evolution:  Flight:  Insects
Evolution:  & Fossil Record
Evolution:  Founder Effect
Evolution:  Genetic Drift
Evolution:  Hardy-Weinberg Law
Evolution & Isolation
Evolution:  Lungs, Vertebrate
Evolution:  Mammals
Evolution, Molecular
Evolution by Natural Selection
Evolution through Non-Change
Evolution, Parasite
Evolution:  Plants, Seed
Evolution as Progress
Evolution:  Rates:  Gradual vs Punctuated Evolution
Evolution by Sexual Selection
Evolution:  Theories:  Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Evolution:  Wings, Insect
Exoskeleton
Experimental Group
Experiments:  Anecdotal Evidence
Experiments:  Blind & Double-Blind Tests
Experiments:  Chance, Role of
Experiments:  Confounding Factors
Experiments:  Control Group
Experiments:  Controlled Experiments
Experiments:  Hypothesis 
Experiments:  Observation
Experiments:  Predictions
Experiments:  Reproducibility
Experiments:  Test Group - Need for Numbers / Size
Extinction & Biblical beliefs
Extinctions, Mass

F

Facultative
Feather Stars
Female / Male Differences
Female / Male Differences:  Pine Cones
Fern Life Cycle
Fertilization, Internal - Land Vertebrates
Field Test
Filarial Worms
Filter Feeding
Filter Feeding - Chordates
Final Hosts
Fish, Bony - Basic Features
Fish, Bony - Subgroups
Fish, Cartilage - Basic Features
Fish, Cartilage - Subgroups
Fish, Jawless - Basic Features
Fish, Jawless - Subgroups
Fish, Lobe-Finned
Fish, Ray-Finned
Flagella
Flagella & Cilia
Flagellates / Mastigophora
Flatworms
Fleas / Siphonaptera
Flies / Diptera
Flower Form & Function
Flower - Introduction
Flower Parts - Pistil
Flower Parts - Stamen
Flukes
Food Vacuole
Foot (Mollusk)
Fossils & Biblical Beliefs
Fossils:  How Fossils Form
Fossil Layers & Age
Fossil Record and Evolution
Founder Effect
Frequencies, Light
Frogs & Toads
Fruit
Fruit Formation
Fruiting Bodies
Fungi
Fungi - Plant Symbionts

G

Gaia Hypothesis
Gametes
Gametophyte (Angiosperm)
Gametophyte (Bryophytes)
Gametophyte  (Ferns)
Ganglia - Segmented Worms
Ganglion
Gastropods - Snails & Slugs
Gastrovascular Cavity
Gender:  Male / Female Differences
Gender Differences:  Cones
Gene - Modern Definition
Gene Mutations
Gene Pool
Genes
Genetic Drift
Genetic Redundancy
Germination  (Angiosperms)
Giardia & Beaver Fever
Gill Slits
Ginkgoes
Glucose, Uses for
Gnetales
Grasshoppers and Relatives / Orthoptera
Grasslike Gymnosperms
"Guinea Worms" / Dracunculus medinensis
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms & Dinosaurs
Gymnosperm-Dominated Environments
Gymnosperms, Grasslike
Gymnosperm Groups

H

Haeckel, Ernst  (late 1800s)
Hagfish / Slime Eels
Haploid
Haploid  in Ferns
Hardy-Weinberg Law
Harvestman
Head (Insects)
Heart Positions - Invertebrates vs Chordates
Hemiptera - Bugs, True
Heterotroph Hypothesis
Homeogenes
Homeogene Research,  C. elegans
Homologous Traits
Homology, Serial
Homology, Serial:  Arthropods
Homology, Serial:  Vertebrates
Hooke, Robert (1665)
Hookworms
Hormone Effects  (Plants)
Horseshoe Crabs
Horsetails
Host, Definitive / Final
Host, Definitive / Final - Flatworms
Host, Intermediate
Host, Intermediate  - Flatworms
Host-Specific
Host, Vector
Hybrid Vigor
Hydatids / Bladder Worms
Hydra
Hydrostatic Skeleton  (Roundworm)
Hydrostatic Skeleton  (Segmented Worm)
Hydrothermal Vents
Hymenoptera / Ants, Bees, and Wasps
Hypothesis 

I

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Insect Behavior, Social
Insect Evolution
Insect Intelligence
Insects:  Development - Direct
Insects:  Development - Indirect
Insects:  Features
Insects:  Leg Numbers
Insects:  Subgroups
Insects:  Winged, Modern
Insects:  Winged, Primitive
Insects:  Wingless, Modern
Insects:  Wingless, Primitive
Insects:  Wings - Evolution
Internal Fertilization - Land Vertebrates
Intelligence
Intelligence in Insects
Intermediate Host
Intermediate Hosts - Flatworms
Invertebrates - Central Nerve Cord
Isolation Types
Isoptera / Termites

J

Jawless Fish - Basic Features
Jawless Fish - Subgroups

K

Katydids
Kingdom Systems:  Modern 6-Kingdom System
Kingdom Systems:  "Newer" Kingdoms
Kingdom Systems:  Old 2-Kingdom System
 

L

Lamarck

Lamprey Eels
Lancelets (Cephalochordates)
Land, Life of:  Amniote Egg
Land, Life on:  Challenges of Living on Land
Land, Life on:  & Internal Fertilization
Land, Life on:  Lungs - Evolution, Vertebrates
Land, Life on:  Transitional Ecosystems / "Staging Areas"
Larva
Lateral Meristem
Leaf Hoppers
Leaves, Angiosperm
Leaves:  Conifer:  Needles
Leeches

Leeuwenhoek, Antony van

Leg Numbers - Arachnids
Leg Numbers - Decapods
Leg Numbers - Insects
Lepidoptera / Butterflies and Moths
Lice / Phthiraptera & Psocoptera
Lichens
Life, First:  Features of 
Life, First:  "Later" Developments
Life History, Earth
Life Origins:  Cambrian Explosion
Life Origins:  Respiration, Aerobic
Life Origins:  Conditions of Earth, Early

Life Origins:  Eukaryotes, Rise of

Life Origins:  Features of First "Life"
Life Origins:  Heterotroph Hypothesis
Life Origins:  Hydrothermal Vents
Life Origins:  "Later" Developments
Life Origins:  Oxygen's Effects
Life Origins:  Panspermia / Space Seed Hypothesis
Life Origins:  Primordial Soup
Life Origins:  Respiration
Life Origins:  RNA World Hypothesis
Life Origins:  Special Creation Theory
Life Origins:  Steps toward Life in the Soup
Life Origins:  and Viruses
Light Absorption and Reflection
Light-Dependent Reaction
Light-Independent Reaction
Light Microscope
Light:  Wavelength and Frequencies

Linnaeus, Carolus 

Linkage

Lipids and Cell Membranes, First
Lobe-Finned Fish
Longitudinal Muscles - Segmented Worms
Lungs, Vertebrate - Evolution

Charles Lyell (1830s)

M

Macronucleus
Maggots
Malaria
Male / Female Differences
Male / Female Differences:  Pine Cones
Malpighim, Marcello  (1660)
Malthus, Thomas  (early 1800s)
Mammals - Basic Features
Mammals - Evolution
Mammals - Subgroups
Mandibulates
Mantises
Mantle & Mantle Cavity
Marine
Marsupials
Mastigophora
Mayflies
Medusae
Meiosis
Meiosis
Membrane, Cell
Membrane, Cell, First, and Lipids
Memes
Mendel, Gregor  (mid to late 1800s)
Meristem
Meristem, Apical
Meristem, Lateral
Mesoderm
Metamerism / Segmentation
Metamorphosis - Insects
Metamorphosis - Amphibians
Micronucleus
Microscopes:  Compound
Microscopes:  Electron
Microscopes:  Light 
Microscopes:  Scanning
Microscopes:  Simple
Microscopes:  Transmission
Microtubules
Migration, Birds
Millipedes
Mites
Mites and Allergies