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BI 171 - First
Exam - 2002
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that
best answers the question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct
answer.
___C___ 1. An element in Column 7 of the
Periodic Table will most likely exist in Nature as a(n)
a. +1 ion b.
Uncharged
atom c.
-1 ion d.
Radioactive atom
e. Little lump of something-or-other
...it is one shy of the stable full orbital of 8, so it will pick up one
electron with
its extra negative charge
___D___ 2. The most important contribution of
a control test is that it provides
a.
Reproducibility
b. Logic c.
Measurements
d. A
comparison
e. Ummm, control?
...that's pretty much its entire purpose - results get compared
___B___ 3. Uniformitarianism was a
concept formed to explain
a. Extinct
species
b. Layers of sedimentary rocks
c.
Evolution
d. Inheritance of traits
e. How very long words are invented
...calculating how long it took to make those layers depended
on assuming that the processes were steady and worked like
they do today
___D___ 4. The tendency of asexual
reproducers to generate large numbers of offspring is
related to their
a.
Size
b. Need for
variation c.
Adaptive ability
d. All of
these
e. General lack of self-esteem
...you have to be small, it increases variation which increases adaptive
ability (don't automatically assume all of these is always right,
though)
___D___5. Solution A has a pH of 12.
Solution B has a pH of 10. Of the two, Solution A is
a. Twice as
acidic
b. 100 times as acidic
c. Twice as
basic
d. 100 times as basic
e. English system, while B is metric system
...each unit jump on the scale is a tenfold change - 2 units is 10 x 10;
going up from 7 is getting more basic
___B___6. Which of these is a hypothesis?
a. The dog looks bigger now than it did earlier
b. The dog does not like me
c. The dog is growling
d. The dog has very white teeth
e. Why am I still standing here??
...a hypothesis is an explanation or idea. The rest are observations.
___C___7. We know that a horse’s hoof is a
version of a fingernail because the two are
a. Analogous
only
b. Both analogous and homologous
c. Homologous
only
d. Neither analogous nor homologous
e. Equally attractive with a peach gloss
...a hoof develops from the same claw-like structures as a nail, making
them homologous, but they have very different uses, so they are not
analogous
___B___8. Malthus’ ideas about how
populations are controlled, which were used by Darwin
when he developed his theories, were originally
a. Only about
Nature
b. Really about humans
c. Dealt only with gradual
changes
d. All of these
e. Available only online
...he obscured what could have been controversial criticisms about human
populations by making "Nature-based" points that could easily be
transferred to humans by the readers
___D___9. Almost all of the growth areas
in current biology-related careers depend on a
day-to-day basis upon an intimate knowledge of
a.
Evolution
b.
Ecology
c. Classification
d.
Molecules
e. Various smells and slimes
...it's all about the tiny bits
___D___10. The atomic number of any
atom or ion matches the number of
a.
Electrons
b. Protons plus neutrons
c. Valence
electrons
d. Protons
e. Is this some sort of "pick a number" game?
...protons determine that number and the elemental identity
___C___11. What term describes a role in an
ecosystem that can be filled by some type of organism?
a.
Community
b.
Species
c. Niche
d.
Variant
e. Ecosystems have call sheets-?
...just matching the definition to the term
___B___12. The first concept to
challenge a widely-accepted interpretation of the Bible was
a.
Genetics
b.
Extinction
c. Uniformitarianism
d.
Evolution
e. Serpents are really cuddly
...finding fossil animals that obviously weren't around any more
(by "first," it means first on this list - there were earlier
challenges)
___A___13. Isotopes of an element vary
due to
a. Neutron
number
b. Proton
number
c. Electron number
d. How the atoms are
arranged e.
Different upbringing
...just part of the definition
___A___14. A saturated version of a
molecule would differ how from the unsaturated version?
The saturated version would have
a. More hydrogens
b. More double bonds
c. More covalent
bonds
d. Fewer hydrogens
e. A certain je ne sais quoi
...it has as many atoms as it can carry - hydrogens where double bonds
could potentially be
___A___15. A two-atom stable molecule has a double
bond in it. The participating elements
should be
a. Both from Column 6
b. One from Column 6, one from Column 2
c. Both from Column 2
d. One from Column 7, one from Column 1
e. Very happy with each other
...so each atom is stable from borrowing two electrons (the bonds) from
the other - each must have six electrons (8=stable)
___B___16. Quantitative data is
preferred over qualitative data because it
a. Is the only type that can be collected in biology
b. Can be mathematically manipulated easier
c. Is the only type that can be reproduced
d. Can be used in a bigger study group
e. People really like those "n"-containing words much
better
...you can do stuff with numbers that qualitative / subjective data won't
allow for analysis
___D___17. Which best fits the terms?
a. Individuals have genomes, populations have genes, species have
gene pools
b. Individuals have gene pools, populations have genomes, species
have genes
c. Individuals and populations have gene pools, species have
genomes
d. Individuals have genes, populations have gene pools, species
have genomes
e. Denim must be quite popular in BiologyLand
...a series of definitions
___C___18. Evolutionary rates are most
likely to be
a. Slow and gradual
b. Punctuated
c. Patterned after environmental changes
d. Dictated by what the ultimate goal of the changes are
e. As difficult to understand as changes in the stock market
...evolution is keyed to conditions - fast changes in environments spur
quicker evolutionary rates
Short Answer.
Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces
provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. LaMarck had an idea, other than about
passing on acquired characteristics, that still affects attitudes toward
evolution today. What was it? ...the
"drive toward perfection," the idea that evolution makes things
better, that it's headed in a particular direction (and you get what you
need when your need it)
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2. Why did Avogadro come up with his Number?
What’s it supposed to represent?
...when chemists used mole numbers based on atomic numbers, how many
particle were involved? The number represents that (notice you don't
have to remember the actual number here, just know what it's supposed to
be conceptually)
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3. Briefly explain why ionic bonds rarely
are found in biological compounds. ...ionic
compounds usually dissociate in water - and living things are full of
water.
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4. Define confounding factors without using the
words "confound" or "factor".
...things that influence the results of an experiment but which are not
the experimental variables
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5. What are two aspects of viruses that
might indicate that they are not "officially" alive?
There are more than two... |
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No metabolism outside
of host
Do not interact with environment.
Often not cellular.
No growth & development.
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6. Briefly explain why Hydrogen bonds can vary
widely in strength. (What causes this?) ...the
attraction here is between partial changes, which vary widely in strength
themselves
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7. Place in order so each contains the groups
that follow (Largest to Smallest): Community, Ecosystem, Individual,
Population. |
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1. ECOSYSTEM |
2. COMMUNITY |
3. POPULATION |
4. INDIVIDUAL |
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8. Give the general terms for the specific parts of this
reaction: |
LIGHT
C6H12O6
+ O2
---------->
H2O
+
CO2 Reactants
or
Substrates
Contributor
Products |
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9. The two most critical aspects that make a hypothesis
legitimately scientific. |
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Should be predictive |
Should be testable |
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10. For peer review: |
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How it Produces
quality control
helps
science:
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How it Can
be resistant to new ideas,
can hurt
slowing progress
science: |
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11. Briefly explain why evaporation is a cooling
process. ...only
the fastest / hottest molecules can break free of the liquid, leaving
what's behind cooler
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12. How did the concept of artificial selection
fit into Darwin’s theories?
...he had seen a process by which a selection of breeders could change the
basic type of the organism
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13. What is an isomer?
...molecule with same atoms but different arrangement as another molecule
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14. Briefly describe what happens during an ecological
invasion. Use proper terms. ...a
species from another ecosystem gets introduced and disrupts the new
ecosystem by competing with the local inhabitants of their niche
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15. What exactly is it about anecdotal evidence
that makes it scientifically unreliable? This will be an
explanation, not a definition.
...there's just not enough of it, it's too susceptible to chance
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Long Answer.
Select and answer completely any four
of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be
corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. Describe how, step-by-step according to Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, a change in the environment
"produces" a change in a resident species. There is no
"set" number of steps, so don’t assume that from the number of
lines below. |
...individuals in the species better
suited to the changed environment more often survive, reproduce, and pass
on traits suited to this new environment...
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...over time, the typical individual in the group reflects traits that
suit the changed environment...
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...the changes may be dramatic enough that the new group may be considered
a new species
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2. Determine from bonding properties what each of
the atoms (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen) is in the molecule and put
the symbol in the box |
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Haven't figured out yet how to put these up here...
...in such a diagram, the number of bonds an atom has tells which atom it
is, in the order HONC - 1 bond = Hydrogen, 2 = Oxygen, 3 = Nitrogen, 4 =
Carbon
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3. For sexual reproduction |
Basic
definition:
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Offspring are a genetic mix
from 2 sources
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Advantage
over Asexual
Reproduction:
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Produces much greater variety and
adaptability in small groups |
Evolutionary
Strategy for
Success:
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Although possible with single
"parents," separate genders increase variation potential even
more |
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4. For the five Kingdoms identified in the
textbook, give the name and the enough characteristics to clearly
differentiate that Kingdom from all of the others. This
is now SIX Kingdoms. |
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MONERA
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Prokaryotes, bacteria, widely
distributed. |
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ARCHAEA
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Prokaryotes, limited to extreme
environments. |
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PROTISTA
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Eukaryotes, unicellular or many very
similar cells. |
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PLANTAE
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Eukaryotes, multicellular,
photosynthetic. |
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ANIMALIA
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Eukaryotes, multicellular, food
digested internally. |
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FUNGI
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Eukaryotes, multicellular, food absorbed
through surface.
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5. According to your textbook, living things can be seen
as representing four major themes. What are they? |
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Genetic Systems using DNA.
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Dynamic Units, using &
transforming energy (metabolism) in cells.
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Interact with environment - sense
& response.
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Evolve.
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6. For three different properties of water: |
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Property: |
How produced on molecular level: |
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COHESION
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Bipolarity attracts water molecules
to each other. |
| ADHESION
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Bipolarity
attracts water molecules to many ions and molecules. |
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EXPANSION on FREEZING |
Charge repulsion in close quarters
pushes molecules apart as cold produces greater density, until expanded
crystal structure forms. |
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HEATS / COOLS SLOWLY |
Heat must break cohesion before
molecules significantly speed up; molecule interactions do not
release heat quickly.
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DISSOLVES MANY THINGS |
Related to adhesion - bipolarity allows
formation of hydration shells, which holds many ions & molecules
floating.
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7. This question is a bit backwards. Based upon the Hardy-Weinberg
Principle, what are four things that will produce
evolutionary change? |
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Natural Selection |
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Sexual Selection |
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Migration of groups members |
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Mutations |
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Small Group Size
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NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You
can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit
is possible.
What’s a post-doc? Three Points.
Briefly describe any single study from the Mark
of Cain handout. Four Points
What are the two definitions of vestigial?
Two Points Each.
What happened to Wallace’s first
major collection of field specimens? Three Points.
As a naturalist, Darwin investigated what type
of organism in England? Three Points.
How can a trait be inherited if it is not
genetic? Three Points.
How is water an example of emergent
properties? Three Points
What is the second (non-radioactivity)
meaning of half-life in Biology? Three Points.
What is a common role for Sulfur in a
protein molecule? Three Points.
What is the historical progression of
definitions for organic chemistry? Four Points.
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