BI 171 - Second Exam - 2001

NOTE - the numbers link to related information in the book.  Not all information on old exams is in the new book (so some numbers have no link), and if something looks unfamiliar, you can check to see if it's from a chapter you're supposed to be studying for your current exam.

Multiple Choice.

Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left.
Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.


_______  1. The lenses in an electron microscope are made of
                            a. Crystal                         b. Magnets                         c. Glass
                            d. Protons                                 e. Something expensive


_______  2. A Q10 is a relationship between
                            a. Reaction rate and substrate                 b. Enzyme and substrate
                            c. Reaction rate and temperature             d. Enzyme and temperature
                                                            e. A "Q" and a "10"


_______  3.  A cell undergoing apoptosis is
                            a. Dying                     b. Swimming                     c. Dividing
                            d. Eating                             e. Kinda sounds fun, whatever it is


_______ 4.  Peroxisomes would normally be a site for
                            a. Dehydration synthesis                         b. Hydrolysis
                            c. RNA translation                                 d. Polymerization
                                        e. Um...wild guess...poetry readings?


_______ 5. Which two are molecular complexes?
                            a. Nucleolus & ribosome                     b. Nucleus & golgi apparatus
                            c. Cilia & pseudopod                          d. Vacuoles & vesicles
                                e. Boy, I could use some anthrax right about now...


_______ 6. The main difference between digestible plant starch and indigestible plant fiber
                    like cellulose is
                            a. Only the fiber has a ring structure
                            b. In their hydrophilic areas
                            c. How the amino acids interact on the secondary level
                            d. In the linkages between the sugars
                            e. How they affect certain unmentionable processes


_______ 7. Chaperonins are involved in
                            a. DNA translation to protein                     b. Protein secondary structure
                            c. Protein tertiary structure                         d. Building nuclei
                                        e. Very violent parties in historical Japan


_______ 8. Which functional groups are pretty much the same except for their position 
                    in a molecule?
                            a. Aldehydes & ketones                     b. Aldehydes & alcohols
                            c. Amines & thiols                              d. Ketones & carboxyls
                                e. The thingee here and the thingee somewhere else


_______ 9. A molecule is considered a macromolecule if it is bigger than
                            a. 1 dalton                 b. 1 micrometer             c. 1000 kilodaltons
                            d. 1000 micrometers                     e. A breadbox


_______ 10. The R group of an amino acid attaches to
                            a. The Carboxyl group                         b. The Amino group
                            c. The Central or alpha carbon             d. All of these
                            e. The closest molecule with money and a hot car


_______ 11. Which of these should have no nitrogen atoms in it?
                            a. Sucrose                 b. Amylase                 c. DNA                 
                            d. Hemoglobin                e. New nitrogen-free Dentyne "Ice"


_______ 12. A contractile vacuole in an organism indicates that its environment is
                            a. Basic                     b. Acidic                     c. Salt water
                            d. Fresh water                             e. Boring


_______ 13. Many working proteins do not have
                            a. Primary structure                             b. Secondary structure
                            c. Tertiary structure                             d. Quaternary structure
                                        e. An easy time getting student loans


_______ 14. Dietary minerals can be used in or as
                            a. DNA or enzymes                             b. Cofactors or coenzymes
                            c. Polymers or vitamins                        d. Cofactors or prosthetic groups
                                                e. A trade-in on "real" food


_______ 15. Whether an organic molecule is saturated has to do with its
                            a. Polymerization number                     b. Hydrogen atoms
                            c. Oxygen atoms                                  d. Water content
                                                e. Ability to handle its liquor


_______ 16. A gene relates to _______ protein structure in a ________ base-to-amino acid
                    ratio.
                            a. ....Primary...3 to 1                             b. ...Secondary...3 to 1
                            c. ....Primary...1 to 3                             d. ...Secondary...1 to 3
                                e. ....some sort of...I-don't-care to you-can't-make-me


_______ 17. In an enzyme-catalyzed process that combines three substrates to get one
                    product, the process can be stopped with least effort by removing
                            a. The product
                            b. Any one of the substrates
                            c. All three substrates
                            d. The membrane confinement
                            e. Its will to live


_______ 18. When a reaction reaches equilibrium,
                            a. It stops
                            b. Both forward and backward rates are the same
                            c. Substrate and product concentration is the same
                            d. All of these
                            e. It usually puts in for retirement



Short Answer.  

Pick NINE questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than nine, only the first nine will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.


 1. Give two different ways that indirect enzyme inhibition can work.



2. Briefly describe one of the two kinds of genetic redundancy.



3. Of the four major classes of biological molecules, which two are always heteropolymers?

4. The two primary components of the cytoskeleton:

5. Other than their initials, what are two significant differences between DNA and RNA? (Be sure to say which is which for features)


6. An enzyme's active site is classified as a type of protein __________________________
7. If two molecules are isomers, what does that mean?


8. Give two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiont theory.
 
9. A carboxyl group is considered an acid. Why, exactly?


10. What are two different materials that are made of mucopolysaccharides?

11. What are two basic rules from the Cell Theory?




12. What are two of the three components to a nucleotide?


 
13. Show the reaction of photosynthesis, including reactants, products, and contributing energy source.




14. What are two general, different functions based upon a match-up of complementary shapes that are commonly performed by proteins?


 
15. What is meant by a turnover number?


16. Electrophoresis separates peptides according to which two features?


Long Answer.  

Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Seven Points Each. Partial credit is possible.

1. What are four different things that can be done to increase the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?


2. Pick either the light or electron microscope. Give three advantages that your selected microscope has over the other.

TYPE OF MICROSCOPE:





3. In this graph showing Michaelis-Menten kinetics, label the two axes and briefly explain what is happening to the enzymes in those areas of the curve indicated.


                                                         o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
                                                 o                              X
                                           o        X
             A                        o
             X                      o
             I                     o     X
             S                  o
                               o                                       
                       __________________________________________________

                                                           AXIS

4. What are four features that could be found in a eukaryotic cell but not a prokaryotic cell?



5. Based upon the bonding shown, fill in the atoms, using C for Carbon, H for Hydrogen, N for Nitrogen, and O for Oxygen.
Not complete yet...

                        _____                         _____                         _____

_____

_____              _____                          _____                        _____

                                                            _____

                                          _____                         _____


                                          _____                         _____                 _____

Three-Point Bonus - What specific type of molecule is this?


 6. Give three matching sets of differences for
CILIA FLAGELLA



7. For an enzyme whose optimal temperature is 25o Celsius, briefly discuss what's happening to the molecules involved (don't just discuss reaction rates!) at...
Temperatures
below
25o:
At 25o:

Temperatures
above
25o:


LINK FOR ANSWER KEY

BONUS QUESTIONS.  

Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

An archaic name for dehydration synthesis is a condensation reaction. What experimental result did that name come from? Four Points.




In a Benedict's test, the heat from the boiling water causes something specific to happen that speeds up the reaction. For Four Points, what?



What types of materials, other than proteins, are use for major structure in living things? Three Points each.




Although many catalysts work on a reaction in both forward and backward directions, many enzymes do not. For Four Points, why?




What sort of "disconnects," exactly, are at work when a protein denatures? Four Points




What common biological interaction often involves irreversible enzyme inhibition? Four Points.




What is wrong with the concept of pinocytosis? Four Points..




 

 

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