BI 173 - First Exam - 2001

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each.

NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

_______ 1. Which would be most similar to cloning (producing genetic copies)
                            a. Meiosis                 b. Mitosis                 c. Mutation
                            d. Linkage                         e. Um....photocopying?


_______ 2. Darwin's studies during the voyage of the HMS Beagle were largely in a science 
                    we would now call
                            a. Climatology                 b. Genetics                 c. Biogeography
                            d. Ontogeny                             e. Playing in the dirt


_______ 3. Most of the time,
                a. Microtubules are outside the membrane, microfilaments are inside
                b. Microtubules are involved in movement, microfilaments are involved in structure
                c. Microfilaments are involved in movement, microtubules are involved in structure
                d. Microtubules are inside the membrane, microfilaments are outside
                e. I'm confused enough without these kinds of questions


_______ 4. A solution of pH 12 is, compared to a pH 10 solution
                            a. More basic due to more H+ ions
                            b. More acidic due to more H+ ions
                            c. More basic due to fewer H+ ions
                            d. More acidic due to fewer H+ ions
                            e. Two higher


_______5. Which part of Darwin's ideas can be connected to the ideas of Lyell?
                            a. Evolution produces better and better forms
                            b. Evolution works gradually over long periods of time
                            c. Populations in Nature can be affected like human populations
                            d. Traits can be passed along to offspring
                            e. If you keep your mouth shut no one will notice you


_______6. The basic arrangement of a codon -
                            a. 3 nucleic acid bases to 1 amino acid
                            b. 3 amino acids to 1 nucleic acid base
                            c. Adaptive value of an allele
                            d. Proportion of an allele in a population
                            e. When it's cold outside, you put your codon


_______7. A wide variety due to 3-dimensional shape is most characteristic of
                            a. Nucleic Acids         b. Lipids         c. Proteins         d. Carbohydrates
                            e. Baywatch actors - it's not like their personalities distinguish them...


_______8. The major advantage that an electron-imaging system has over a light-imaging
                    system is that the electron system has
                            a. A shorter wavelength                  b. More penetrating power
                            c. More live specimen uses             d. A simpler procedure
                                e. The added ability of being used as a death ray


_______9. A cell engaged in secretion would have more of which organelle compared to a non-secreting cell?
                            a. Endoplasmic Reticulum         b. Mitochondria         c. Microtubules
                            d. Golgi Bodies                         e. Slimysomes


_______10. In mammals, sex-linked disease traits most often show up in males because the alleles producing them are
                            a. On the X chromosome and dominant
                            b. On the X chromosome and recessive
                            c. On the Y chromosome and dominant
                            d. On the Y chromosome and recessive
                            e. Feminist


_______11. Which is most likely to show up as a fossil?
                            a. Clam                 b. Dinosaur                 c. Tree
                            d. Human                         e. A non-smoker


_______12. "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" is an idea based upon observations of
                            a. Embryo development                 b. Plant cover
                            c. Cambrian fossils                         d. Inheritance patterns
                                                 e. An expensive dictionary


_______13. The egg-brooding pouches of some fish grow and are attached to the throat passage in the same way that lungs do in air-breathing vertebrates - it is thought that the two different-functioning structures are
                            a. Both analogous and homologous 
                            b. Analogous but not homologous
                            c. Neither analogous nor homologous 
                            d. Homologous but not analogous
                            e. Much more confusing than is reasonable


_______14. A hypothesis is considered "scientific" if it
                            a. Is something most scientists agree with
                            b. Makes useful predictions
                            c. Makes testable predictions
                            d. Is based only on first-hand observations
                            e. Leads to lots of grant money


_______15. The adaptive value of genotypes is
                            a. Determined by their DNA sequence
                            b. Variable, dependent upon environmental conditions
                            c. Greater if there are more mutations present
                            d. Totally dependent upon what alleles are dominant and recessive
                            e. The next big investment craze


_______16. Which commonly serve as energy sources?
                            a. Proteins & carbohydrates                 b. Proteins & Lipids
                            c. Lipids & carbohydrate                     d. Lipids & Nucleic Acids
                            e. Having exams tomorrow that you haven't started studying for


_______17. The primary function of mitochondria is
                            a. Aerobic respiration                     b. Reproduction
                            c. Protein Production                      d. Movement
                            e. To always be the one you can't remember


_______18. The two types of endoplasmic reticulum are different due to
                            a. Where in the cell they're located
                            b. Presence or absence of chromosomes
                            c. The basic function of the cell
                            d. Presence or absence of ribosomes
                            e. What religion they were raised in


SHORT ANSWER. Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.

NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.

Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.


1. What are two different types of molecules that are used in comparative biochemistry?





2. For typical numbers of chromosomes found in species, what advantage is connected to -
A LOW NUMBER:



A HIGH NUMBER:

3. When fossils were first found, what Biblical rule were they absolutely thought to break if they were really remains of once-living things?





4. Briefly explain how the direction of particle movement can be used to tell active transport from passive transport.





5. Briefly explain how a punctuated evolution pattern works.




6. What are two different ways that are used to biologically determine gender in individuals?





7. Explain how, according to classic scientific method, an experimental test differs from a control test.




8. Materials from the nucleolus are used to build what two things?



9. What are the two common basic jobs performed by cells with lots of microvilli?




10. In the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, briefly explain how each term works in the model:
FLUID:

MOSAIC:

11. Crossing over (genetically) - what is it and when does it occur?
WHAT:

WHEN:

12. Give a brief general example (not just a term) of how two populations can experience niche isolation.




13. Which of the major molecule bonding types has almost no role in living systems, and why?
BOND:

REASON:

14. The first "living" molecule systems only needed two life characteristics from the list applied to "modern" life. What were the characteristics?





15. What are two ways that genetic redundancy works?







LONG ANSWER. Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.

NOTE: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.

Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.

1. Answer for one of the two fundamental types of reproduction.
TYPE:

Definition:
Evolutionary Advantage: Evolutionary Disadvantage:



2. According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law, a rare allele stays at its starting proportion in a population if what four items are true?









3. Number the following steps in the order that the current Heterotroph Hypothesis puts them:


_____ Evolution of Autotrophs
_____ Formation of Primordial Soup

_____ Movement of Life Onto Land
_____ Cambrian Explosion

_____ Evolution of Aerobic Respiration
_____ Evolution of Eukaryotes

_____ Formation of Earth
_____ Evolution of Multicelled Organisms

4. According to some neo-darwinian additions, what are the three possible responses that a population can have to environmental change?








5. Name and describe Mendel's Laws.




6. Briefly describe six basic characteristics that Earth's living things have in common.




7. For each, list three sets of conflicting traits:

CILIA FLAGELLA




8. Give a simple progression, according to Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, from the beginning to the end here -

The environment around a population changes.












The population can now be considered a new species.

BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

What two pre-existing systems may have been "combined" in the evolution of photosynthesis? Two Points Each.




What is the Space Seed Hypothesis? Three Points.



The latest odd theory of Earth's early history suggests that what planet-wide change occurred? Four Points.




Why is it a nuclear envelope, and not just a nuclear membrane? Three Points.




What term means "programmed cell death"? Three Points.




For Two Points each, what are the ways that syncytia can be formed?




Why did Gregor Mendel select pea plants to study? Three Points.




Where was Alfred Russel Wallace stationed (Two Points), and why was that place geographically a good place for him to do his studies ( Three Points)?



Under what conditions are soft-bodied organisms most likely to be preserved as fossils? Three Points.



The idea of "molecular clocks" is based on what possible faulty assumptions? Three Points Each.


 

 

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