BI 173 - Second Exam - 1999


Multiple Choice. Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each.

NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

_______ 1. Which part of nervous system processing is in the proper order?
                            a. Sensory neurons > Motor neurons > Interneurons
                            b. Motor neurons > Sensory neurons > Interneurons
                            c. Motor neurons > Interneurons > Sensory neurons
                            d. Sensory neurons > Interneurons > Motor neurons
                            e. Read question > panic > guess


_______ 2. Oxygen debt is a process that occurs
                            a. On respiratory surfaces             b. In nervous systems 
                            c. In muscles                                 d. During embryo development 
                                                     e. At a very strange bank


_______ 3. Which type of food materials usually needs to be emulsified?
                             a. Minerals                 b. Lipids                 c. Complex starches
                            d. Proteins                             e. Mushy ones


_______ 4. Food particles are strained out of moving water by
                            a. Efferent feeders             b. Afferent feeders             c. Deposit feeders
                            d. Filter feeders                     e. Animals that need to get a life


_______5. Compared to ectotherms, endotherms
                             a. Have a more efficient metabolism but higher food requirements
                            b. Have a less efficient metabolism but lower food requirements
                            c. Can deal with a wider range of salinities
                            d. Can deal with a narrower range of salinities
                            e. Have just two little letters different


_______6. An nerve impulse will travel faster if the axon
                            a. Is smaller or insulated                             b. Is larger or insulated
                            c. Has outward projections                        d. Has inward projections
                                                         e. Has been paid in advance


_______7. The adaptive value of a phenotype is determined
                            a. By circumstances                             b. By evolutionary ecologists
                            c. By Darwinian statistics                     d. By its mutational components
                                                   e. To be hazardous to your health


_______8. Which is true of integument?
                             a. Both vertebrates and invertebrates have dermis
                            b. Both vertebrates and invertebrates have epidermis
                            c. It often exhibits serial homology
                            d. It is the main component of a glomerulus
                            e. It's a word I've never needed before and probably never will again


_______9. Peristalsis is used
                            a. To move food             b. To attack invaders             c. To filter wastes
                            d. To extract oxygen                 e. When just one stalsis won't do


_______10. All of the different sorts of divergent-evolution-producing isolation are basically
                            a. Physical separation                             b. Behavioral division
                            c. Reproductive separation                     d. Metabolic separation
                                    e. Another excuse to build a bizarre singles' bar


_______11. A closed circulatory system, compared to an open one, is much more likely
                                    to be carrying
                            a. Nutrients                 b. Immune function cells                 c. Wastes
                            d. Oxygen                                 e. A tune


_______12. Land animals tend to have higher metabolic rates than aquatic animals because
                            a. Most have kidneys                             b. More oxygen is available
                            c. It's much colder                                  d. More food is available
                                        e. They're always hopped-up on something


_______13. Species that seem not to have changed over long periods of time most likely
                            a. Live in a stable subenvironment             b. Are very adaptable
                            c. Aren't really related to their fossils         d. Never could evolve properly
                                                 e. Own some really outdated clothes


_______14. Respiratory gases and metabolic wastes are processed by simple diffusion in
                            a. Sealed eggs                                         b. Most vertebrates
                            c. Single-celled animals                            d. Most aquatic animals
                                     e. Any state where it is not regulated by the Legislature


_______15. Pick the true statement
                            a. Antigens are produced to break down antibodies
                            b. Antibodies are produced to break down antigens
                            c. Antigens are produced to attach to antibodies
                            d. Antibodies are produced to attach to antigens
                            e. When did we learn about somebody's Auntie Jen?


_______16. Which are most likely to be osmotic conformers?
                             a. Land animals             b. Fresh water animals             c. Marine animals
                            d. Invertebrates                     e. Cult members


_______17. Thrombocytes would be involved in
                            a. Temperature stabilization                         b. Surface immunity
                            c. Protonephridia                                        d. Blood clotting
                                                         e. Something heavy


_______18. Histology is the study of
                            a. Blood                 b. Tissues                 c. Evolutionary processes
                            d. Skeletons                 e. Those wiggly things on a guy's feet



Short Answer. Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected. Four Points each.

Partial credit is possible.


1. What are two different approaches to massed food feeding?




2. All advanced excretory systems process filtered wastes by these two steps:




3. List four non-cellular components found in vertebrate plasma.



4. What does it mean if a structure is homologous but NOT analogous?




5. Evolution is most likely both gradual and punctuated. Briefly explain why.




6. Briefly define a tracheal system.




7. What are two intrinsically different modes of general movement in animals?



8. Give two examples of metabolic molecules whose activity might be used for classification comparisons.



9. Name two different types of striated muscle.




10. Briefly explain why a tube digestive system is better than a sac system.




11. In general, what sorts of animals have excellent fossil records, with very few "gaps?"




12. What are the two basic functions of notochords?




13. Two different countercurrent systems were discussed in class. What two things were being exchanged?




14. Animals use two totally different classes of insulation. What are they?



15. Pick two signs/symptoms of inflammation. For each, describe what's happening in the tissues to produce that appearance.


16. According to neodarwinian ecological theory, what are the three possible responses a species can have to environmental change?





LONG ANSWER. Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.

Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.

1. Give six different functions of integument.


 
2. Basic tissue type A Basic Defining Characteristic

3. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium discusses many requirements to keep a population stable. Pick three such requirements and briefly explain how their lack can bring about evolutionary changes.




4. For the three common excretory products of animals:
Name: Advantage: Disadvantage:
 

5. Name each of the Digestive Canal Regions. For each, name one organ or structure found in an animal as part of that region.





 
6. Basic Skeleton Type Advantage over other types 2nd Advantage...



7. For closed circulatory systems, name the three types of vessels; for each, name a structural (not functional!!) feature only found in that type of vessel.






LINK TO ANSWER KEY

BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

Briefly explain what "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" means. Four Points.




What was wrong with the first "Eve Hypothesis" calculations of human ancestry? Four Points.



What is unusual about the molecular arrangement in fibrillar muscle, compared to other muscle tissue? Four Points.



There was a brief "push" to get all nerve processes called axons, rather than axons and dendrites. What was the logic behind trying to get only one name? Four Points.



Which fresh water system actually runs well out into the ocean? Four Points.




What's the purpose of blood lipoproteins? Four Points.




Studies have shown that what changing aspect of a society seems to lead to a rise in the incidence of allergies? Four Points



What advantage might dinosaurs have derived from air sacs? Four Points.




What instinctive system in humans is activated by some hookworms (Four Points), and why? (Four Points)

 

 

 

 

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