BI 173 - Third Exam - 2006
Answer Key
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Place the letter of the choice that
best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each.
NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
___B___ 1. Which would be very unlikely to reproduce sexually?
a. Sponge
b. Ameba
c. Apicomplexan
d. Cnidarian
e. I’d rather not name names - it’d be mean
...they are one of the few groups that use asexual reproduction almost exclusively.
___C___ 2. Intraspecies weapons are unlikely to
a. Be physical
b. Use toxins
c. Be lethal
d. Be nonlethal
e. Be available on eBay
...between members of the same species, better to not kill each other.
___A___ 3. The continuation of an action potential on the "far" side of a synapse involves
a. A threshold effect
b. A ciliated current
c. Contact between the membranes
d. Contact between the insulation
e. Presentation of very odd passports
...neurotransmitters crossing the synapse have to
connect to a critical minimum of
receptors, or it's no-go.
___C___
4. If a study found that just a three-note sequence in
a male bird’s song
determined if the
female would be receptive to mating, that sequence would be a
a. Epicentric element
b. Fixed pattern initiator
c. Sign stimulus
d. Releaser
e. Good addition to a pop song
...that's the small bit of a releaser that has to be present, or the releaser doesn't work.
___C___5. Hormones are produced by
a. Exocrine glands and neurosecretory cells
b. Exocrine glands and endocrine glands
c. Endocrine glands and neurosecretory cells
d. Exocrine glands only
e. Wait, there’s an old nasty joke about that...
...two questions here: know endocrine/exocrine
difference, and know 2 sources of
hormones (neurosecretory in many invertebrates).
___B___6. Autotrophs are found in the
a. Cnidaria
b. Protozoa
c. Porifera
d. Platyhelminthes
e. Garage-o-podia
...most autotrophs are photosynthetic, and this is the
only group with plantlike
members.
___C___7. Imprinting is a type of
a. Digestive adaptation
b. Nerve pattern alternation
c. Learned behavior
d. Hormonal feedback process
e. Pre-photocopying thingee
...it's instinctive-based learning with a set time "window" when it will work.
___A___8. What effect does axon size have on impulse speed?
a. Larger = faster
b. Smaller = faster
c. No effect
d. No effect unless the axon is insulated
e. Medium
...larger = more gates "kicking off" more gates farther along (to oversimplify).
___D___9. Ritualized behavior is often used to avoid
a. Territoriality
b. Pheromone release
c. Reproductive submission
d. Agonistic behavior
e. Homework
...you need to recognize a term to answer this one. Agonistic is fighting-related.
___A___10. An ethologist would generally be engaged in
a. Field studies
b. Microscopic observation
c. DNA analysis
d. Surgical procedures
e. Stuff that would bore everyone else
...since they study behavior under natural conditions, they must be field researchers.
___B___11. Which are sessile?
a. Ameba and medusa
b. Sponge and coral
c. Hydra and medusa
d. Ciliate and flagellate e. What they
do in the privacy of their own habitat is their business
...know the term (not moving) and match with groups that don't move.
___D___12. Which are most closely related?
a. Flagellates and sponges
b. Flagellates and ciliates
c. Ciliates and apicomplexans
d. Flagellates and amebas
e. It would help if I knew what these were, right-?
...the Mastigophora and the Sarcodines share a supergroup, the Sarcomastigophora.
___C___13. Target cells are generally associated with
a. Stereotyped behaviors
b. Brain processing centers
c. Hormones
d. Digestive enzymes
e. Um, arrow cells-?
...the target cells have the receptors for the hormones.
___B___14. A progression of linear to nodal to parallel is found in evolution of
a. Digestive processes
b. Central nervous processes
c. Hormonal connections
d. Embryonic cell layers
e. Etch-a-sketch devices
...it's an assumption of how processing works in "lower-to-higher" vertebrates.
___B___15. Hormone receptors
a. Are always on the cell membrane
b. Can be on the membrane or in the nucleus
c. Are actually in the mitochondria
d. Are not on cells, but are in connective tissue matrix
e. Are a good thing to have...somewhere...
...lipid-based hormones go through the membrane.
___D___16. Emotions strongly figure into the processing of the
a. Medulla
b. Cerebellum
c. Neocortex
d. Paleocortex / limbic system
e. Distraught student
...know what brain parts do what.
___B___17. Choanocytes are involved in which function?
a. Defense
b. Feeding
c. Display
d. Repair
e. Giving biologists words they can use to confuse students
...they are sponge filter-feeding cells.
___A___18. Which goes through alternation of generations?
a. Malaria and coral
b. Sponge and ciliate
c. Sponge and ameba
d. Ameba and hydra
e. Whichever is most open to alternative lifestyles
...a few layers here - know the groups that do it, and
recognize basic examples from
the groups.
SHORT ANSWER.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten
will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. What are two major functions of the vertebrate hindbrain? This is the medulla & cerebellum. | |
Regulating "automatic" functions (like breathing and digestion and heart rate) |
Coordination & Balance |
| 2. Under what general structural
conditions can diffusion function perfectly well for exchange
purposes in multicelled animals? ...If all cells are sufficiently close to an exchange surface, it works fine. (Otherwise, you need some type of circulation) |
|
| 3. What are two different general classes of hormone action? | |
Metabolic. |
Regulatory. Reproductive. Antiinflammatory. |
| 4. What are two different materials that spicules can be made of? | |
Protein. |
Silica. |
| 5. In many radially-symmetrical animals, what terms substitute for dorsal and ventral? | |
ORAL |
ABORAL |
| 6. Explain, with some detail, why
emulsifiers are often necessary to proper
digestive function. ...lipids will form blobs too big to digest with aqueous enzymes - the big blobs must be broken into smaller blobs (emulsified) so digestion can finish while they are still in the system. |
|
| 7. What are two different functions that are done with pseudopods? | |
|
Crawl. Grab food objects. |
Touch sensing. Distribute weight for floating. |
| 8. What are two distinctly different classes of displays? | |
Defensive. |
Reproductive. Fitness. |
| 9. What are two characteristics that medusae generally have but polyp forms do not have? | |
Sexual reproduction |
Mobile |
| 10. Briefly describe the function
of a tropic hormone. ...it causes the release of other hormones. |
|
| 11. Give the primary functions for each: | |
| MACRONUCLEUS:
Basic day-to-day gene expression. |
MICRONUCLEUS:
Master storage of DNA.
|
| 12. What are two advantages that a tube digestive system has over a sac system? | |
Allows step-by-step breakdown by dedicated areas |
Allows more-or-less continuous feeding |
| 13. What is meant by the term
proximate causation? ...it's what is making a response / behavior happen as it happens (opposed to ultimate causation, which is the adaptive background / evolutionary reasons for a behavior). |
|
| 14. What are two distinctly different functions performed by the hypothalamus? | |
| Monitoring station / pituitary connection | Houses urges like sex, violence, fear |
| 15. Briefly explain the steps
that produce an action potential (you do not have to explain the
other stages, just the impulse happening). ...gates open, allowing ions to flow through and balance, depolarizing the membrane. |
|
LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four of the following
questions.
NOTE: if you answer more than four, only the
first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
| 1. Give three sets of differences between the typical central nervous systems of... | |||
|
Invertebrates |
Vertebrates |
||
|
DOUBLE CORDS |
SINGLE CORDS | ||
| "SOLID" CORD | HOLLOW CORD |
||
| RUNS ALONG VENTRAL SIDE | RUNS ALONG DORSAL SIDE |
||
| 2. What are three fairly "primitive" features found in both poriferans and cnidarians? | |||
Only 2 cell layers (ectoderm & endoderm) |
|||
Jellyish support layer (mesoglea) |
|||
No true organs. |
|||
| Amebocytes can replace any kind of cell. | |||
| 3. Name three regions along the basic animal digestive canal. For each, give an organ or structure that belongs to that region. | |||
| RECEIVING | Mouth, mouthparts, buccal cavity, pharynx | ||
| CONDUCTION & STORAGE | Esophagus, crop | ||
| GRINDING & PREDIGESTION | Teeth, gizzard, stomach | ||
| TERMINAL DIGESTION & ABSORPTION | Small intestine, liver, pancreas | ||
| WATER ABSORPTION & WASTE CONCENTRATION | Colon (Large Intestine), Rectum, Cloaca | ||
| 4. What are six different general classes of nutrients? | |||
Water |
Mineral Salts | Vitamins | |
Proteins |
Carbohydrates | Lipids | |
| 5. List six animal senses that are picking up distinctly different types of information. | |||
| Sight | Hearing | Touch | |
| Smell | Taste | Standing Balance | |
Heat |
Magnetism | Proprioception | |
| Moving Balance | Electromagnetic | Temperature | |
| 6. Give three clear general advantages for each - | |||
|
NONSOCIAL BEHAVIOR |
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR |
||
Camouflage. |
Defense. |
||
Reproductive exclusivity. |
Reproductive availability |
||
Good in food extremes. |
Cooperation for various reason. |
||
| Good with solitary, indivisible food items. | |||
| Larger total populations possible. | |||
| 7. What are the five steps of structures associated with the processing that occur in a typical nervous system? | |||
| Sense Receptors. | |||
| Afferent or Sensory Neurons | |||
| Interneurons | |||
| Efferent or Motor Neurons | |||
| Muscles and/or Glands | |||
| 8. What are three different general characteristics found in platyhelminths but not in poriferans or cnidarians? | |||
Three germ layers / mesoderm. |
|||
Organ systems. |
|||
Cephalization. Bilateral symmetry. |
|||
| Parasitism. | |||
| Specialized excretion. | |||
No Key for BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
Why do humans and pigs have several parasites in common? Three Points.
Animal intelligence in a species usually seems to arise out of what basic behavior? Three Points.
What is most likely happening in our brains as we dream? Three Points.
What drug exerts most of its effects on the hypothalamus? Three Points.
The myth about "we only use 10% of our brains" is based upon what actual fact? Three Points.
Why is sexual reproduction in protozoa equivalent to suicide? Three Points.
If mesoglea were considered to be a tissue, which type would it be (Two Points), and why? (Three Points)
In multicellular animals, the term colonial changes meaning somewhat. What in particular changes? Three Points.
How did invasive ctenophores probably wind up in the Black Sea? Three Points.