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BI 173 - Fourth
Exam - 2003
ANSWER KEY
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Place the letter of the choice that
best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each.
NOTE: "e" answers are never the
correct answer.
___C___ 1. Which groups characteristically
have cuticles?
a. Platyhelminths and
mollusks
b. Chordates and arthropods
c. Annelids and
nematodes
d. Arthropods and echinoderms
e. Ack! I’m doomed!
...they aren't thick shells, but they are cuticles.
___B___ 2. Which would have open
circulatory systems?
a. Fish and
earthworm
b. Centipede and scorpion
c. Starfish and
lizard
d. Frog and Trematode
e. Most characters from the Friday the 13th
movies.
...arthropods, both of them.
___A___ 3. In vertebrates, which almost
certainly evolved first?
a.
Teeth
b.
Jaws
c. Backbone
d. Three-chambered
heart
e. Sarcasm
...jawless fish have teeth, but none of the others.
___A___ 4. Which would be a feature that a tick
would not have?
a.
Antennae
b. Pedipalps
c. Exoskeleton
d. Ventral nerve
cords
e. A tv show - any more...
...look for a trait a chelicerate doesn't have.
___D___5. The trochophore larva is
considered significant because it
a. Undergoes metamorphosis
b. Links invertebrate and vertebrate chordates
c. Changes symmetry types as it develops
d. Links several phyla that seem otherwise unrelated
e. No one wants to be up to their buns in trochophores, no sir!
...adults look nothing alike, but that shared larva is a big clue to
relatedness.
___B___6. Which groups are considered all free-living?
a. Cestodes and
nematodes
b. Turbellarians and rotifers
c. Leeches and
insects
d. Crustaceans and lice
e. The party animals
...pick groups with no significant parasite members.
___D___7. What the water vascular system
does, primarily, is done in other groups by
a. Excretory
systems
b. Respiratory systems
c. Digestive
systems
d. Muscle systems
e. Government contracts
...it is a hydraulic force-delivery system.
___B___8. Defensive poisons, of the
purely "don’t eat me" variety, could be expected in
a. Starfish and
squid
b. Amphibians and millipedes
c. Snakes and
earthworms
d. Trematodes and nematodes
e. Mentions in the small print on the bottom of the menu
...poisons in the other groups are offensive, used on prey also.
___C___9. Polymorphism is a
characteristic found in
a. Sea
cucumbers
b.
Tapeworms
c. Social insects
d.
Toads
e. Hungry parrots
...adults that have several ("poly") different body forms
("morphs").
___D___10. Which groups are almost entirely benthic?
a. Crustaceans and
centipedes
b. Trematodes and cephalopods
c. Tunicates and
lancelets
d. Rotifers and echinoderms
e. They benthic? I’m really thorry...
...they are aquatic and mostly bottom-dwellers.
___A___11. The onychophorans have
traits that are "between"
a. Annelids and
arthropods
b. Lancelets and fish
c. Echinoderms and
chordates
d. Mandibulates and chelicerates
e. Icky and squicky
...it's pretty much their only claim to fame.
___C___12. Which two would have a largely hydrostatic
skeleton?
a. Millipede and
leech
b. Snail and sea squirt
c. Roundworm and
earthworm
d. Spider and starfish
e. Two animals who decided to by economy characteristics
...characteristic of nematodes and annelids.
___A___13. Which group has virtually no
marine forms?
a.
Insects
b.
Crustaceans
c. Tunicates
d.
Mammals
e. The Air Force
...there are many fresh-water forms, but not marine.
___A___14. A swim bladder’s main
advantage is that it
a. Conserves energy
b. Improves respiration
c. Is used as a jet propulsion system
d. Increases push through the water
e. Helps on those long commutes with no rest rooms available
...it's used to adjust buoyancy to depth, allowing a fish to hold
position without effort (they're not sinking or rising).
___B___15. Cestodes present the
greatest threat to human health in what form?
a. Sexually-reproducing
adult
b. Asexually-reproducing larva
c.
Egg
d. Pupa
e. Whichever one can levy taxes
...the adults tend to relatively benign in the intestine.
___A___16. Which adaptation is found in all
of the full-time land vertebrates?
a. Waterproof
eggs
b. Uric acid excretion
c. Internal
fertilization
d. Nonglandular skin
e. They all own boats anyway
...it was a very important evolutionary development to allow them
fully onto land.
___B___17. The feature that clearly links starfish
with sunfish is
a. Symmetry
types
b. Early embryo development
c. Locomotion
systems
d. All of these
e. The naming after heavenly bodies?
...echinoderms and chordates are both deuterostomes.
___A___18. Modern winged insects use
what sort of flight drive system?
a.
Indirect
b.
Direct
c. Tracheal
d. Malpighian
e. Power steering
...muscles distort the thorax to drive the levers of the wings.
SHORT ANSWER.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces
provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will
be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. Which two phyla have a significant number of monoecious
species? |
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Platyhelminths / Flatworms
Mollusks |
Annelids
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2. What are two of the three major subgroups of mammals? |
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MONOTREMES
MARSUPIALS |
PLACENTALS
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3. Two different groups (class or larger) of
animals in which cutaneous respiration is common. |
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ANNELIDS |
AMPHIBIANS
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4. What are two characteristics of Echinoderms
that are unique or fairly unusual? |
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WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM
PENTARADIAL SYMMETRY |
TUBE FEET
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM WITH UNKNOWN USE
DIFFERENT SYMMETRIES AS EMBRYOS VS ADULTS
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5. Name two of the stages that make up the life
cycle of indirect development in insects. |
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EGG
LARVA |
PUPA
ADULT
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6. For a mantle cavity - |
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Phylum for
which it is a
MOLLUSKS
characteristic -
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One possible
PROPULSION
function -
RESPIRATION
FEEDING
REPRODUCTION
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7. The major subgroups of modern reptiles each
include pairs of types - name two subgroups, both types each |
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LIZARDS AND SNAKES
TURTLES AND TORTOISES
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CROCODILES AND
ALLIGATORS
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8. Of the two types of locomotion structures in
insects, tell how many of what types are commonly present. |
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6 LEGS
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4 WINGS
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9. Three major tetrapod subgroups show up in the
fossil record at about the same time - what are two of them? |
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AMPHIBIANS
MAMMALS |
REPTILES
maybe DINOSAURS (if considered separate from reptiles)
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10. A radula - |
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What
is
A raspy / toothy "tongue"
it?
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What
phylum
Mollusks
has them?
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11. Two entirely different uses for chromatophores
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CAMOUFLAGE
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COMMUNICATION
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12. What sort of application may come from the
study of acanthocephalans?
A
"pre-insecticide" chemical that will draw insects into the open
where the insecticide can get to them at lower dosages.
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13. There are three modes of insect mouth parts.
What are two? |
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Biting & Chewing
Piercing
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Sucking / Absorbing
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14. Name two different groups or major subgroups that
typically excrete uric acid. |
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Any of the Arthropods |
Reptiles
Birds
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15. Define facultative.
...a
life style or life style feature that may be common, but is not required
(if required, it's obligate)
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16. What are two of the major subgroups of
the annelids? |
Polychaetes
Oligochaetes |
Hirudinea / Leeches
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LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four
of the following questions.
NOTE: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be
corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
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1. In Annelids - |
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3 Features That Repeat Metamerically |
3 Features That Do Not Repeat
Metamerically |
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Coelom / Hydrostatic skeleton
chambers
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Digestive Organs |
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Muscles
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Reproductive Organs (often) |
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Nerves
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Antennae / Most sensory structures |
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Blood Vessels
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Mouthparts |
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Setae
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Anus |
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Nephridia
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Ganglia
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Parapods
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2. For three different types of nematodes, give
the type of nematode and then give one unique or unusual fact about
that particular type |
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ASCARIS |
Quite large; females wander
searching for males; can jam intestines.
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DRACUNCULUS / GUINEA WORMS |
Live in abdomen; spread through
drinking water, but no fecal contamination needed; treatment is
basis for caduceus, medical symbol.
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PINWORMS |
Live in colon; may not be
parasites; female leaves body to lay eggs; common in
U.S.; more common in higher socioeconomic levels.
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TRICHINELLA |
Larvae embed in muscles of meat-eaters
on way to canine host; humans get them commonly from improperly
cooked pork.
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FILARIAL WORMS
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Passed by biting insects; live
in fluid systems.
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HOOKWORMS |
Enter directly through skin;
emerge in lungs but migrate to intestines; live in intestines but
eat blood.
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3. List three characteristics that are distinctly
traits of the entire Chordate Phylum. Specifically
vertebrate features should not be included. |
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Notochord |
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Single, hollow, dorsal nerve cord |
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Pharyngeal pouches / gill slits |
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Postanal tail |
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Ventral heart in closed system |
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4. What are six different subgroups of modern
insects? Use common names for the orders, but don’t use different
insects from a single order in multiple boxes. |
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Grasshoppers & Relatives |
Butterflies & Moths
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Flies
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"True Bugs" |
Termites
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Lice
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Beetles |
Ants, Bees, & Wasps
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Fleas
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5. Give three subgroups each (Classes or larger,
but no classes inside phyla you’ve used) that can be generally described
with the terms - |
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FILTER
FEEDERS
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Bivalves
Tunicates
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Porifera
Lancelets
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Rotifers
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MARINE
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6. For three major subgroups of Mollusks, give
the official group name and then describe the form that the foot
takes in that group. |
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GASTROPODS |
CILIATED PLATFORM
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BIVALVES |
TONGUE-SHAPED "PUSHER"
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CEPHALOPODS |
TENTACLES WITH SUCKERS
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7. For the three major vertebrate fish subgroups,
name the groups (common name is okay) and give one example of a
fish in that particular group. |
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JAWLESS FISH |
Lampreys, Slime Eels
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CARTILAGE FISH / CHONDRICHTHYES |
Any type of Sharks, Rays, Skates
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BONY FISH / OSTEICHTHYES |
Too many to list.
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8. For three adaptations of birds that relate to
flight, name the adaptation and then explain how it helps birds
to fly. |
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WINGS |
Kind of necessary
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RIGID BODY, FLEXIBLE NECK |
Anchors flight muscles, but allows
adaptive positioning of head during flight
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AIR SPACES IN BODY & BONES |
Reduces weight
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KEEL-LIKE STERNUM |
Anchors powerful flight muscles
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ENDOTHERMY |
High metabolism for on-demand flight
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4-CHAMBERED HEART |
Efficient use of oxygen for high energy
system
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FEATHERS |
Light airfoils
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BEAK WITHOUT TEETH
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Teeth are very dense / heavy
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CARE FOR YOUNG
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Support until able to fly
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NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You
can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit
is possible.
Which type of disease caused by trematodes
can be caught locally? Three Points.
Which type of mollusk displays annelid
characteristics? Three Points.
What type of animal is the official New
York State fossil? Three Points.
What do most terrestrial crustaceans
look like? Three Points.
What two structures are thought to have
possibly been the starting structures that evolved into vertebrate lungs?
Three Points Each.
What "correction" had to be made to
assembled dinosaur skeletons about 20 years ago? Three Points.
During the age of dinosaurs, large
dinosaur-like animals flew and swum, but were not dinosaurs. What
reptilian subgroup did they belong to? Three Points.
Why are some reptile tongues forked?
Three Points
Give one plausible reason why there are no phyla
that are completely terrestrial. Three Points.
For Two Points each, what features now thought
to be particular to birds do they probably share with their dinosaur
ancestors?
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