BI 173 - Second Exam - 1998
ANSWER KEY
NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
___B___ 1. The processing of an immune response is largely done by
a. B Cells
b. T Cells
c. Thrombocytes
d. Dendrites
e. If it was the government, we'd all be dead
...they do the front-end and the back-end processing and coordination...
...so it can work a bit at a time in a step-by-step fashion...
___A___ 3. Oxygen debt is "paid off" into
a. The aerobic phase of respiration
b. Capillaries
c. The anaerobic phase of respiration
d. Lymph vessels
e. Um, Chemical Bank...?
...C is what builds the debt up, leaving A left to do...
___C___ 4. Molecules normally covering a "nonself" organism would be
a. Ectoplasm
b. Antibodies
c. Antigens
d. Formed elements
e. Disgusting
...from the notes...
___C___5. Symbiotic organisms, usually bacteria, aid some animals to
a. Extract oxygen from soil spaces
b. Keep their heat in
c. Digest plant fiber
d. Build skeletal tissue
e. Get their taxes done early, and get a refund as well
...one of the most difficult but rewarding digestive processes...
___B___6. Which is the proper order of animal organization levels?
a. Cell - tissue - protoplasm - organ
b. Protoplasm - cell - tissue - organ
c. Tissue - protoplasm - cell - organ
d. Cell - protoplasm - organ - tissue
e. If this is their promotion track, they've got some problems
...from notes / book
___A___7. Evolution means change over time, but some animals appear to have evolved
a resistance to change, probably because they are
a. In very stable niches
b. The last of their species
c. Very advanced forms
d. Purely homeostatic
e. The animal equivalents of Rush Limbaugh
...if your niche is stable, it may be best for you not to change...
___B___8. Which is a flexible rod used as a swimming aid?
a. Cuticle
b. Notochord
c. Malpighian tubule
d. Pseudopod
e. I just use one of those foam boards...
...from notes / book...
___B___9. Fluid that leaks from capillaries is picked back up by the
a. Glomerulus
b. Lymphatic System
c. Veins
d. White Blood Cells
e. Bounty Towel Tissues
...one of the functions...
___D___10. Hemostasis is a word associated most closely with
a. Internal environment
b. Immune reactions
c. Nervous system processing
d. Blood clotting
e. The panic that's beginning to set in right about now...
...from notes / book...
___A___11. Which statement is true about vertebrate and invertebrate integument?
a. Only vertebrates have dermis
b. Both groups have dermis
c. Only invertebrates have epidermis d. All of these are true
e. The whole thing has way too many syllables
...from notes / book
___D___12. Both open and closed circulatory systems always have
a. Veins
b. Lymphatics
c. Capillaries
d. Pumps
e. Problems with gross leakage
...gotta circulate it with something...
___D___13. Which would be directly connected to the human body's mineral needs?
a. Digestion of fiber
b. Respiration
c. Flame cells
d. Red blood cell production
e. Does that include gold and silver?
...requires the mineral iron.
___B___14. What distinguishing feature of mammals is based on their teeth?
a. Only mammals have true teeth
b. Each mammal has several different tooth types
c. Mammals generally have an unlimited supply of teeth
d. Only mammals have teeth capable of grinding food up
e. Mammals have the prettiest smiles of all of the animals
...a variety in each mouth is a class-unique feature
___A___15. Peristalsis is a process for
a. Moving food along
b. Generating endothermic heat
c. Processing in neurons
d. Pumping air
e. Delaying Peri
...from notes / book
___C___16. Countercurrent systems are used for
a. Heat regulation and pumping blood
b. Oxygen exchange and pumping blood
c. Heat regulation and oxygen exchange
d. Pumping blood and moving nutrients
e. Sounds like a company directive from McDonald's
...from 2 spots in notes
___A___17. Daily torpor is a
a. Energy-saving process in endotherms
b. Energy-saving process in ectotherms
c. Behavioral pattern in ectotherms
d. Process essentially the same as sleeping
e. Newspaper with a really unappealing name
...from notes / book
___B___18. An animal that catches small food by straining it out of passing
water is:
a. Deposit feeding
b. Filter feeding
c. Fluid feeding
d. Particulate feeding
e. Must be lousy at making conversation
...sounds like the definition, right-?
Short Answer.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected. Four Points each.
Partial credit is possible.
1. Specifically, what advantage is gotten from being an osmotic conformer? (Explain, don't define!)
...no mechanism is needed to control water levels from osmosis to/from surroundings
...increases
respiratory surfaces and reduces weight.
3. What advantage do ectotherms have over endotherms?
...they require significantly
less food and oxygen (and water, somewhat)
4. What is myelin?
...it's the protein used to
insulate axons (not myosin, the muscle protein)
5. What are two distinctly different specific subtypes (as in not the general subtypes) of
muscle tissue?
...could be skeletal,
cardiac, smooth, fibrillar
6. What is a tracheal system, and what sort of animal would have one?
...a tube system bringing
oxygen directly to cells, found in insects & spiders
7. Endotherms are virtually never aquatic respirers. What's the basic metabolic reason
for this?
...their oxygen requirements
are much too high - there isn't ever enough oxygen dissolved in water.
8. For two of the symptoms of inflammation, name the symptom and briefly explain what
produces that particular symptom.
...expanded capillaries
raises blood flow, making area red and warm; increased leakiness
causes swelling; swelling may set off itch / pain response.
9. What are two distinctly different types of animal movement systems?
...includes ameboid, ciliary,
flagellar, muscular
10. Why is most likely that evolution is both gradual and punctuated?
...evolution is linked to
environmental changes, which follow both patterns
11. Briefly explain why, to maintain homeostasis, an animal must remain
| "OPEN" Materials must be exchanged with the environment |
| "CLOSED" Many things that could affect cells' chemistry must be sealed in or out. |
...includes small size, thinness, and wet surfaces
13. If an animal "doesn't need" a particular vitamin, what does this probably indicate about
its chemistry?
...it is probably
synthesizing the coenzyme itself.
14. Serial homology: what is it?
...a sequence of appendages
all built from same basic structures.
15. What histological feature distinguishes connective tissue from the other tissue types?
...the cells exist within
nonliving material
16. Name two structures used to increase surface area in digestive systems.
...include folds, villi,
microvilli
17. Fresh water animals have adapted to their overly-dilute environment with what two
basic strategies?
...pumping water out or
sealing it out
18. Why exactly do animals need to emulsify fat with bile?
...blobs of fat can only be
digested where they meet the waters of the digestive system - if blobs
are not emulsified, they're too big to completely break down before
they've been pushed through
LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
1. What are six functions served by integument?
|
Includes...
PROTECTION |
WATERPROOFING; WATER CONTROL |
|
EXCRETION; RESPIRATION |
CAMOUFLAGE: DISPLAY |
|
SENSORY;
TEMPERATURE CONTROL |
SECRETION |
2. Advanced excretory systems tend to use the same basic three-step process. What is it?
| FILTER MATERIALS OUT OF BLOOD OR HEMOLYMPH |
| ANY MATERIALS FILTERED OUT THAT THE BODY NEEDS ARE PUT BACK |
| ANY MATERIALS THAT NEED TO BE REMOVED BUT DIDN'T FILTER OUT ARE PUMPED INTO WASTE |
3. The "arc" of nervous system processing (input, processing, output...) involves, in order, what five types of structures?
| 1. SENSE RECEPTORS | 2. SENSORY NEURONS |
| 3. INTERNEURONS | 4. MOTOR NEURONS |
| 5. EFFECTORS |
| HEART |
Main pump |
| ARTERIES |
Vessels, thick-walled and muscular, carrying blood away from heart |
| CAPILLARIES |
Tiny vessels for exchange with tissues |
| VEINS |
Vessels, thin-walled, with valves, carrying blood toward heart |
| AMMONIA | Very soluble, minimal processing |
| UREA | Reasonably soluble, not very toxic |
| URIC ACID | Can be excreted with no water loss, virtually nontoxic |
| Type: | EXOSKELETON | ENDOSKELETON |
| Advantage over other: |
Provides more protection | Allows much larger size |
| Disadvantage versus other: |
Must be periodically molted | Not as efficient, less leverage |
| RECEIVING |
Mouth, mouthparts, food manipulators, salivary glands |
| CONDUCTION & STORAGE |
Esophagus, cheek pouches, crop |
| GRINDING & PREDIGESTION |
Gizzard, teeth, stomach, fermentation sacs |
| TERMINAL DIGESTION |
Intestines |
| WATER ABSORPTION, WASTE CONCENTRATION |
Colon, cloaca, rectum |
8. What are six different materials that would be carried primarily dissolved in plasma?
|
It's a very long list...
|
||
|
|
Why exactly does an ameba have to stick itself down while it crawls? Three Points.
The atmosphere of Earth is mostly Nitrogen. What feature of Nitrogen has allowed it to
build up to such proportions? Four Points.
The system that produces allergies in humans is probably set up to defend against what
particular type of invader? Three Points.
Why are many hearts set up as dual pumping systems? Five Points.
For Three Points each, what ingested materials are significantly processed in the liver?
Why are eggs more dangerous now than in years past? Four Points.
What odd behavior is connected with a roundworm infection? Three Points.