BI 173 - Second Exam - 1999

ANSWER KEY


Multiple Choice. Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each.

NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

___D___ 1. Which part of nervous system processing is in the proper order?
                            a. Sensory neurons > Motor neurons > Interneurons
                            b. Motor neurons > Sensory neurons > Interneurons
                            c. Motor neurons > Interneurons > Sensory neurons
                            d. Sensory neurons > Interneurons > Motor neurons
                            e. Read question > panic > guess

                            ...from notes / book...


___C___ 2. Oxygen debt is a process that occurs
                            a. On respiratory surfaces             b. In nervous systems 
                            c. In muscles                                 d. During embryo development 
                                                     e. At a very strange bank

                            ...from notes / book...


___B___ 3. Which type of food materials usually needs to be emulsified?
                             a. Minerals                 b. Lipids                 c. Complex starches
                            d. Proteins                             e. Mushy ones

                            ...they don't dissolve in water, so the globs they form must be split into 
                                    littler globs for digestion to get at them...


___D___ 4. Food particles are strained out of moving water by
                            a. Efferent feeders             b. Afferent feeders             c. Deposit feeders
                            d. Filter feeders                     e. Animals that need to get a life

                            ...from notes / book...


___B___5. Compared to ectotherms, endotherms
                             a. Have a more efficient metabolism but higher food requirements
                            b. Have a less efficient metabolism but lower food requirements
                            c. Can deal with a wider range of salinities
                            d. Can deal with a narrower range of salinities
                            e. Have just two little letters different

                            ...it's a downside / upside...


___B___6. An nerve impulse will travel faster if the axon
                            a. Is smaller or insulated                             b. Is larger or insulated
                            c. Has outward projections                        d. Has inward projections
                                                         e. Has been paid in advance

                            ...from notes / book, could have and/or in it...


___A___7. The adaptive value of a phenotype is determined
                            a. By circumstances                             b. By evolutionary ecologists
                            c. By Darwinian statistics                     d. By its mutational components
                                                   e. To be hazardous to your health

                            ...this is neo-darwinian, but it's still darwinian...


___B___8. Which is true of integument?
                             a. Both vertebrates and invertebrates have dermis
                            b. Both vertebrates and invertebrates have epidermis
                            c. It often exhibits serial homology
                            d. It is the main component of a glomerulus
                            e. It's a word I've never needed before and probably never will again

                            ...from notes / book...


___A___9. Peristalsis is used
                            a. To move food             b. To attack invaders             c. To filter wastes
                            d. To extract oxygen                 e. When just one stalsis won't do

                            ...from notes / book...


___C___10. All of the different sorts of divergent-evolution-producing isolation are basically
                            a. Physical separation                             b. Behavioral division
                            c. Reproductive separation                     d. Metabolic separation
                                    e. Another excuse to build a bizarre singles' bar

                            ...once groups stop mixing genes, they can evolve in different directions...


___D__11. A closed circulatory system, compared to an open one, is much more likely
                                    to be carrying
                            a. Nutrients                 b. Immune function cells                 c. Wastes
                            d. Oxygen                                 e. A tune

                            ...that level of efficiency is only needed with something as critical as oxygen


___B___12. Land animals tend to have higher metabolic rates than aquatic animals because
                            a. Most have kidneys                             b. More oxygen is available
                            c. It's much colder                                  d. More food is available
                                        e. They're always hopped-up on something

                            ...energy is gained through aerobic respiration - more oxygen, more energy


___A___13. Species that seem not to have changed over long periods of time most likely
                            a. Live in a stable subenvironment             b. Are very adaptable
                            c. Aren't really related to their fossils         d. Never could evolve properly
                                                 e. Own some really outdated clothes

                            ...if you're well-suited to your environment and it doesn't change, it may
                                    be a good idea if you don't change either...


___C___14. Respiratory gases and metabolic wastes are processed by simple diffusion in
                            a. Sealed eggs                                         b. Most vertebrates
                            c. Single-celled animals                            d. Most aquatic animals
                                     e. Any state where it is not regulated by the Legislature

                            ...it only is usable if you're little...


___D___15. Pick the true statement
                            a. Antigens are produced to break down antibodies
                            b. Antibodies are produced to break down antigens
                            c. Antigens are produced to attach to antibodies
                            d. Antibodies are produced to attach to antigens
                            e. When did we learn about somebody's Auntie Jen?

                            ...from notes / book...


___C___16. Which are most likely to be osmotic conformers?
                             a. Land animals             b. Fresh water animals             c. Marine animals
                            d. Invertebrates                     e. Cult members

                            ...it's the only group whose cells can function while matching the dilution
                                factors of the surroundings...


___D___17. Thrombocytes would be involved in
                            a. Temperature stabilization                         b. Surface immunity
                            c. Protonephridia                                        d. Blood clotting
                                                         e. Something heavy

                            ...from notes / book...


___B___18. Histology is the study of
                            a. Blood                 b. Tissues                 c. Evolutionary processes
                            d. Skeletons                 e. Those wiggly things on a guy's feet

                            ...from notes...



Short Answer. Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected. Four Points each.

Partial credit is possible.


1. What are two different approaches to massed food feeding?

        ...can swallow it whole, bite it into chunks, grind it into a pulp...


2. All advanced excretory systems process filtered wastes by these two steps:

(this is after filtering, remember!)
"good" materials filtered out are returned

"bad" materials that would not fit
through filter get added to waste


3. List four non-cellular components found in vertebrate plasma.
It's a very long list - look for this to be asked as "types" or "classes" of components, so answers are from a shorter list including
Regulatory molecules, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, and nitrogen

4. What does it mean if a structure is homologous but NOT analogous?

        ...it's built from the same basic structures but doing a different function


5. Evolution is most likely both gradual and punctuated. Briefly explain why.

        ...it's dictated by environmental changes, and those changes follow both patterns.


6. Briefly define a tracheal system.

        ...a tube system bringing oxygen directly to body cells...


7. What are two intrinsically different modes of general movement in animals?
Could be ameboid, ciliary, flagellar, or muscular


8. Give two examples of metabolic molecules whose activity might be used for classification comparisons.
Could be poisons, colors, enzymes, hormones, virtually anything used in metabolism. 

It can't be DNA or RNA, which are not metabolic.

9. Name two different types of striated muscle.

        ...skeletal, cardiac, or fibrillar.


10. Briefly explain why a tube digestive system is better than a sac system.

        ...food can be progressively broken down along a tube, but it's tough to do this with a 2-way sac system.


11. In general, what sorts of animals have excellent fossil records, with very few "gaps?"

        ...small, common aquatic animals with shells or other hard parts


12. What are the two basic functions of notochords?

Skeletal element used in swimming

In embryo, chemically tells spinal cord
where to form


13. Two different countercurrent systems were discussed in class. What two things were being exchanged?

        ...heat and oxygen


14. Animals use two totally different classes of insulation. What are they?
Body-based
Environmental

15. Pick two signs/symptoms of inflammation. For each, describe what's happening in the tissues to produce that appearance.

Inflammation is a localized expansion of capillaries.  The capillaries carry more blood, which makes the area red and warmer, and leak more fluid, causing swelling, and may stretch or damage cells, causing itching and/or pain
 

16. According to neodarwinian ecological theory, what are the three possible responses a species can have to environmental change?

Survive with no / minimal change
Survive with major change(s)
Don't survive - become extinct
 

LONG ANSWER. Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.

Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.

1. Give six different functions of integument.

Includes...
PROTECTION		 WATERPROOFING;
WATER CONTROL
EXCRETION;
RESPIRATION		 CAMOUFLAGE:
DISPLAY
SENSORY;
TEMPERATURE CONTROL		 SECRETION
 
2. Basic tissue type A Basic Defining Characteristic
Epithelium   Cells / layers face some sort of space
Connective   Cells exist in non-living matrix / material
Muscle   Cells can contract
Nervous   Produces / carries electrochemical signals
Reproductive   Involved in meiosis

3. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium discusses many requirements to keep a population stable. Pick three such requirements and briefly explain how their lack can bring about evolutionary changes.
Large size
  Small size leads to chance having too much impact
No mutation
This is the source of much of evolutionary "innovation"
No migration
Can establish isolated evolving groups or remove significant pool members
Random mating Mate-choosing is the main factor of sexual selection
No natural selection  This is most of what drives evolution

4. For the three common excretory products of animals:
Name: Advantage: Disadvantage:
ammonia Requires little processing;  very soluble Very toxic
urea Not too toxic;
fairly soluble		 Requires some processing;
can be toxic
uric acid Not toxic;  can be removed with no water loss Requires extensive processing;  not soluble

5. Name each of the Digestive Canal Regions. For each, name one organ or structure found in an animal as part of that region.
RECEIVING
 		Mouth, mouthparts, food manipulators, salivary glands
CONDUCTION 
& STORAGE 		Esophagus, cheek pouches, crop
GRINDING & 
PREDIGESTION 		Gizzard, teeth, stomach, fermentation sacs
TERMINAL
DIGESTION 		Intestines
WATER ABSORPTION,
WASTE CONCENTRATION 		Colon, cloaca, rectum
 
6.  Name 1 Advantage over the other type 2nd Advantage over the other type
EXOSKELETON
More protective Better leverage
ENDOSKELETON
Allows for much larger size Able to grow smoothly, continuously

7. For closed circulatory systems, name the three types of vessels; for each, name a structural (not functional!!) feature only found in that type of vessel.

ARTERIES
 THICK-WALLED, MUSCULAR
CAPILLARIES
 VERY THIN, VERY SMALL, LEAKY
VEINS
 THIN-WALLED, NOT MUSCULAR, HAVE ANTI-BACKFLOW VALVES

no key for bonus questions...

BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

Briefly explain what "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" means. Four Points.




What was wrong with the first "Eve Hypothesis" calculations of human ancestry? Four Points.



What is unusual about the molecular arrangement in fibrillar muscle, compared to other muscle tissue? Four Points.



There was a brief "push" to get all nerve processes called axons, rather than axons and dendrites. What was the logic behind trying to get only one name? Four Points.



Which fresh water system actually runs well out into the ocean? Four Points.




What's the purpose of blood lipoproteins? Four Points.




Studies have shown that what changing aspect of a society seems to lead to a rise in the incidence of allergies? Four Points



What advantage might dinosaurs have derived from air sacs? Four Points.




What instinctive system in humans is activated by some hookworms (Four Points), and why? (Four Points)

 

 

 

 

Hit Counter

HOME