BI 173 - Third Exam - 2000
ANSWER KEY
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question
on the line to the left. Two Points Each.
NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
...from the notes / book
___D___ 2. Motor control is processed mostly by the
a. Medulla
b. Neurosecretory cells
c. Nerve cord
d. Cerebellum
e. The accelerator
...from the notes / book
___B___ 3. Exocrine and endocrine glands differ according to
a. Which layer produces secretions
b. How secretions leave
c. The general molecule class of secretions
d. Dermal derivation
e. What, spelling is too "easy" a choice???
...from the notes / book
___B___ 4. The number of offspring a species typically produces can most often be
calculated from
a. Parental size
b. Offspring survival chances
c. Parental lifespan
d. No reliable feature
e. How easily it can be rendered drunk and/or foolish
...reproduction plays the odds - if they are unlikely to survive, you'd
best make lots of them
___B___5. When newspapers discuss the bacterium with the species name
e. coli,
a. The e, which represents the specific, should be capitalized only
b. The e, which represents the genus, should be capitalized only
c. Both parts should be capitalized
d. It's scientifically acceptable as written
e. Everybody holds their stomachs and moans
...from the notes / book, the species naming rules
___A___6. The ability of organs to move independently is a product of
a. Body cavities
b. Advanced nervous control
c. Having different muscle types
d. A tube digestive system
e. Very careful butchery
...from the notes
___B___7. Ritualized behavior is most commonly
a. Linked to releasing factors
b. Stereotyped
c. Linked to second messengers
d. Internal
e. Done with singing and drums
...it's ritualistic because it's instinctive
___D___8. Which aspect of learned behavior makes it classically Darwinian?
a. Its effect on survival
b. Its ability to be passed on
c. Its effect on reproduction
d. All of these combined
e. Well, we learned who Darwin was...
...all 3 choices (a-c) have effects on evolution, and they all can be
produced by learned behavior...
___B___9. Which would be primarily controlled by hormones?
a. Balance
b. Metabolism
c. Memory
d. Behavior
e. Baywatch ratings
...discard the choices which are more obviously nervous system, or look
for a more chemistry-based choice...
___B__10. Which is most likely to be the sign stimulus in a male robin's agonistic mating
territorial behavior?
a. Song
b. Red breast
c. Lack of red breast
d. Nearby movement
e. How many questions is this?
...you need to know this is asking, what makes a male robin challenge or
fight another male, and what is it about the other male that would
"set
him off"?
___D___11. Currently, animals are classified in the same species based upon their
a. Physical resemblance
b. Offspring production
c. Ancestry
d. Ethology
e. Can I poll the audience on this one?
...the definition is linked to natural behavior
___C___12. A polar body's basic function is
a. Addition of chromosomes
b. Fertilization
c. Removal of chromosomes
d. Determination of body orientation
e. Something cold, right -?
...from the notes / book, formation of ova / egg cells
___C___13. A researcher noticed that most of a litter of baby mice could be seen to have
their stomachs on the right side rather than the left. He found a
problem with
a. An early cleavage stage
b. The gastrulation location
c. A homeogene
d. Mesoderm formation
e. Telling his right from his left
...you must recognize that you're dealing with basic layout patterns...
___A___14. Which is the most likely feature that a monoecious animal would have?
a. It would be self-fertilizing
b. It would be nonsocial
c. It would have effective defenses
d. It would be asexual
e. It would be embarrassed to tell anybody
...the only one really connected to the trait
___B___15. The two parts of the pituitary gland form from outgrowths of the brain and the
roof of the mouth, making that gland a product of
a. Mesoderm only
b. Ectoderm and endoderm
c. Endoderm and mesoderm
d. Ectoderm and mesoderm
e. A typically screwed-up environment
...you must get the endoderm-digestive system and the ectoderm-nervous
system connection
___D___16. The potential lethality of an animal's weapons is often an indicator of
a. Its survival potential
b. Evolution in progress
c. Their use in communication
d. Who they would be used on
e. Its stand on gun control
...it's generally determined by use against other members of the
same
species or members of other species
___C___17. Steroid hormones have cytoplasmic receptors because the hormones are
a. Not controlled by feedback
b. Largely sexual in effect
c. Lipid soluble
d. Tropic
e. The best way to look "buff"
...and can go through the membrane to reach the receptors
___C___18. If color vision in humans and lemurs were considered a derived trait, then the
two species
a. Would share an ancestor with color vision
b. Would have color vision from the earliest embryonic form
c. Would not share an ancestor with color vision
d. Would see colors exactly the same way
e. Would both be resistant to black-and-white films
...they would have developed the trait on their own independent
evolutionary paths
SHORT ANSWER.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
1. What are two different situations that have led to evolution of alternation of generations in some animal groups?
|
A sessile body form but a need to find mates and to spread widely
(as in Cnidarians) |
|
An extremely challenging life cycle, as in multiple-host parasites
(such as Trematodes, Cestodes, Apicomplexans, etc) |
2. Briefly explain one way in which social behavior can convey a passive defense.
...reactions of group members to predators unintentionally warns others; or large numbers can reduce individual risk; or fleeing groups can confound predators| Could be song development in birds, language development in humans, attachment to a parental figure in some birds, etc |
4. Define: secondary sexual characteristics.
...features that impact reproductive success but are not absolutely essential for it| VERTEBRATES | INVERTEBRATES |
| DORSAL | VENTRAL |
| HOLLOW CORD | SOLID CORDS |
| SINGLE CORD | DOUBLE CORD |
| PROXIMATE CAUSATION: What produces a behavior at a given time |
ULTIMATE CAUSATION: What produces the evolution of a given behavior |
7. Internal, non-digestive body cavities allowed evolution of what features?
...there is something about them that makes them worth avoiding by
predators
9. What is the basic function of a tropic hormone?
...they control the release of other hormones
10. What nutritional feature makes protozoans unique among "animals" (using the term in the
broad context)?
...they may be autotrophs (producing fuel from very basic molecules and environmental energy, in this case through photosynthesis)
...includes electromagnetism, polarization of light, ultraviolet,
InfraRed, etc
12. Put in proper order from largest to smallest: Class, Family, Genus, Kingdom,
Order, Phylum, Species, Subfamily, Superorder.
| 1 Kingdom | 2 Phylum | 3 Class |
| 4 Superorder | 5 Order | 6 Family |
| 7 Subfamily | 8 Genus | 9 Species |
13. Name two different types of asexual reproduction that would produce offspring considerably smaller than the parent.
...could be multiple fission, budding, or fragmentation
...it
senses light, and allows photosynthetic protozoans to stay near the
light at the water's surface
15. What is the function of a contractile vacuole?
...it
gathers and pumps out water that osmoses into a cell in fresh water
16. What are two different things that can feedback in a hormone control system?
...the effects that the hormone produces or the actual levels of the
hormone in circulation
17. Define parthenogenesis.
...production of offspring from unfertilized egg cells
LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
NOTE: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
1. Give three reliable sets of differences that would allow gender determination in a new, unknown species by identifying producers of:
| SPERM | EGG CELLS |
|
many more are produced
|
fewer are made |
|
much smaller
|
much larger (contain yolk) |
|
designed to somehow get to egg cell
|
usually "waits" somewhere to be "found" |
| PROTOSTOMES | DEUTEROSTOMES |
| Spiral Cleavage (unequal cell
division) |
Radial Cleavage (equal cell division) |
|
Cell fates are locked in very early
|
Cell fates remain flexible through part of development |
|
Gastropore becomes mouth
|
Gastropore becomes anus |
|
THALAMUS
|
RELAYS INFORMATION; SENSORY ANALYSIS; MEMORY ACCESS & PROCESSING |
|
HYPOTHALAMUS
|
SITE OF "PRIMITIVE URGES"; MONITORING STATION FOR HOMEOSTASIS & WITH PITUITARY, CONTROLLING CENTER |
| CEREBRUM (can be subdivided into paleocortex & neocortex) | PALEOCORTEX: CONTROLS VITAL
FUNCTIONS; SITE OF "UNCONSCIOUS MIND." NEOCORTEX: HIGHER PROCESSING & DECISION MAKING, PLANNING |
| SARCODINA | PSEUDOPODS |
| MASTIGOPHORA | FLAGELLA |
| CILIOPHORA | CILIA |
| APICOMPLEXA | NOT CONSIDERED MOBILE |
| CAMOUFLAGE | Easier to hide individuals than group |
| IN FOOD EXTREMES... | Low, individuals far better than groups; High, supports more widespread individuals |
| WITH SOLITARY/ INDIVISIBLE FOODS | Cannot be divided within group anyway |
| IN REPRODUCTION | When mates are found, competition is less |
| POPULATION | Lack of clumping allows much higher numbers |
6. Fill in the following anatomical labels on the cow, or structures of the cow: anterior, distal, dorsal, lateral, medial, posterior, proximal, ventral.
This may not ever get put here - picture problems. But you get the basic idea, and it was just a drawing of a cow seen from the side.7. Name six reasonably different types of sensory receptors.
| CHEMORECEPTORS (POSSIBLY SMELL & TASTE SEPARATELY) | MECHANORECPTORS (PAIN, TEMPERATURE, PROPRIOCEPTION COULD BE SEPARATE) | EQUILIBRIUM (MOVING BALANCE & GRAVITY) |
| HEARING | ELECTROMAGNETIC | LIGHT POLARIZATION |
| VISION (COLOR & CONTRAST & MOVEMENT) | INFRARED |
NO KEY FOR BONUS
QUESTIONS
BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the
rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
In discussions of animal intelligence, bees or ants are often mentioned, but how does an assessment of their intelligence differ from the study of, say, vertebrate animals? Four Points.
Another bee question - what seem to be the two critical features in bee "dancing," and what
information does each convey? Eight Points.
The evolution of high intelligence is usually linked to what causative feature? Three Points.
Basic timing of the meiotic divisions of egg cell production varies from species to species.
What is the basic consideration of just when to time a division? Four Points.
Why might marine animals use internal fertilization? Three Points.
What evolutionary "shortcut" was provided by metamerism? Four Points.
Why is sex in certain protozoans suicide? Four Points.