BI 173 - Third Exam - 1999
ANSWER KEY
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question
on the line to the left. Two Points Each.
NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
...all of which engage in intracellular digestion
___B___ 2. Polar bodies are produced to
a. Split an embryo
b. Discard sets of chromosomes
c. Mobilize sperm
d. Secrete open-circulatory hormones
e. Test freezers
...from the notes & book
___C___ 3. Which would be sessile?
a. Ameba and flagellate
b. Polyp and medusa
c. Sponge and anemone
d. Ciliate and medusa
e. It's not up to us to judge their lifestyles...
...both just stay in one spot...
___A___ 4. The first thing that happens during an action potential (nerve impulse) is that
a. Membrane gates open
b. Pumps activate
c. The membrane depolarizes
d. Neurotransmitters are released
e. The nerve fairy waves her magic action wand
...from the notes & book
___A___5. Researcher (a) studies how grief is produced in the brain's limbic system,
while researcher (b) is interested in the adaptive value of grief, so
a. (a) studies proximate causation; (b) studies ultimate causation
b. (a) studies ultimate causation; (b) studies proximate causation
c. Both study proximate causation
d. Both study ultimate causation
e. Both need to get a life
...proximate is kind of the "here and now" reasons, ultimate
the evolutionary
explanation for why a behavior exists
___B___6. Current theory places birds as a subgroup of the dinosaurs. A recent Chinese
discovery of feathered, but non-winged dinosaurs would
suggest that feathers in birds are what kind of feature?
a. Metameric b. Ancestral
c. Derived d. Generic
e. A patent violation
...meaning that they existed in a non-bird ancestor shared with another group
___D___7. Crawling, tentacles, weight distributors, nets: all possible adaptations for
a. Cilia
b. Choanocytes
c. Gastrodermis
d. Pseudopods
e. Beanie Babies
...from the notes & book
___B___8. Excretion in Cnidarians is accomplished by
a. Flame cells
b. Diffusion
c. Amebocytes
d. Mesoglea
e. Pure force of will
...from the notes & book
___C___9. A new species of animal apparently is a sexual reproducer, with gonads,
but you don't know which goes with which gender. The surest
way to tell is
a. Compare the associated structures
b. Look at the chromosomes
c. Compare the gametes produced
d. All of these are equally certain
e. First you have to get really, really drunk...
...it's all about the gametes
___B___10. Cytoplasmic receptors are set up for
a. Environmental vibrations
b. Steroid hormones
c. Neurotransmitters
d. Polar bodies
e. The neuro-rays being beamed into your brain from Mars
...because they are lipid-soluble and can pass into the target cells
___B___11. This section through a turtle would be
a. Frontal
b. Longitudinal
c. Cross
d. Radial
e. Painful
...yes, there's no picture here, but imagine each of the slices, and
you'll
realize that for a turtle, this would be the only nonambiguous choice
___B___12. Spicules are a
a. Defensive feature in Sponges
b. Structural feature in Sponges
c. Defensive feature in Cnidarians
d. Structural feature in Cnidarians
e. Gross side-effect of chewing tobacco
...from the notes & book. The question is weak, because they can
be
defensive, even though b is clearly the better choice
___D___13. A relatively large animal with no central nerve system processor (brain)
would most likely be
a. Dioecious
b. Bilaterally symmetrical
c. Monoecious
d. Radially symmetrical
e. Pretty doggone stupid
...you're supposed to make the lack-of-cephalization connection with a
lack of b, leaving choice d
___C___14. In comparing weapons used for intraspecies or interspecies aggression,
a. Intraspecies are generally bigger
b. Interspecies are generally bigger
c. Intraspecies are generally less lethal
d. Interspecies are generally less lethal
e. Licensing procedures are very bizarre
...better to not kill your own species if possible
___B___15. In vertebrate, the neocortex is involved in
a. Processing and coordinating motor commands
b. Analysis and decision making
c. Vital functions and the "unconscious mind"
d. Keeping automatic functions operating
e. That spasm you get when you trip in a near-waking dream
...from the notes & book - each of the choices goes with a brain part
___C___16. Proprioception is a sense of
a. Balance
b. Movement direction
c. Body position
d. Underwater hearing
e. How useless all of this education nonsense is
...from the notes & book
___A___17. Which is an allowable species name?
a. Canis canis b. rattus rattus
c. gorilla Africanus
d. Felis Felis
e. Harold
...this is purely capitalization rules here (you can use the same word
twice, otherwise you'd know that you couldn't)
___B___18. A single organism with functioning male and female systems is
a. Asexual
b. Monoecious
c. Dioecious
d. Parthenogenetic
e. Probably in therapy
...from the notes & book
SHORT ANSWER.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
...could be binary fission, multiple fission, budding, fragmentation...
2. Define and differentiate:
| ENDOCRINE GLAND: Secretions leave in circulation |
EXOCRINE GLAND:
Secretions leave through ducts |
3. What is the basic adaptive advantage animals got from segmentation or metamerism?
...it allows construction of larger animals without a similar increase in complexity
...it
went from linear to nodal to parallel in its processing
patterns
5. What are two fairly specific ("they're both animals is too general) characteristics found in
pretty much all Sponges and Cnidarians?
...they have only outer and inner cell layers with gel between;
they are all aquatic; they have replacement amebocytes; they
have epidermis; they can reproduce both sexually and
asexually; they have ciliated larvae; they have inner
chambers; they have no organs and are not considered to have
tissues; maybe sessile forms are very common
6. What is the basic function of homeotic genes?
...they code for basic layout traits in the embryo| 1 Species | 2 Genus | 3 Family | 4 Order |
| 5 Class | 6 Superclass | 7 Phylum | 8 Kingdom |
8. What are two different ways that feedback might control endocrine function?
...it can feedback through the hormone levels themselves or through the effect that the hormone produces9. Name the two major types of advanced animal eyes.
|
SINGLE-LENS |
COMPOUND |
...a
new action potential can start only if a minimum number of
receptors (that's the threshold) pick up neurotransmitters
11. What are the two basic chemoreception senses?
...smell and taste
12. What other feature correlates with a species' typical production of offspring (number of
young), and how does that feature change with offspring number?
...chances of offspring surviving to reproduce - the lower the chances,
the more offspring need to be made
13. Briefly explain how Ctenophores are currently having a major economic impact.
...they are removing much of the small organisms that support the Black
Sea food chain and therefore its fisheries
14. Name two basic sensory abilities found in some animals but not found in humans (abilities
that are just better don't count).
...detection of electromagnetic fields, light polarization, ultraviolet,
infrared
15. What are four of the basic hormone action types?
...includes metabolic, regulatory, ion control, sex, digestive
16. Give a real-life example of imprinting.
...could be birds needing exposure as youngsters in order to sing
properly, or geese picking a "mommy" during their first days,
or humans' language ability being stronger in kids...
17. What are two important functions of the hypothalamus?
...it
monitors many different body features readable from the
blood; it sends basic control messages (releasing factors) to the
pituitary; it's much involved in "primitive urges" such
as sex, fear, and hunger...
LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
NOTE: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
| Invertebrate Central Nerve Cords | Vertebrate Central Nerve Cords |
| VENTRAL | DORSAL |
| SOLID | HOLLOW |
| DOUBLE | SINGLE |
| Social Behavior: | Nonsocial Behavior: |
| DEFENSE | CAMOUFLAGE |
| AVAILABILITY OF MATING PARTNERS | REPRODUCTIVE EXCLUSIVITY |
| COOPERATION IN FOOD FINDING | DEAL BETTER WITH FOOD EXTREMES |
| DIVISION OF LABOR POSSIBLE | HUGE NUMBERS POSSIBLE |
| PROTOSTOMES | DEUTEROSTOMES |
| SPIRAL (UNEQUAL) CLEAVAGE | RADIAL (EQUAL) CLEAVAGE |
| CELL FATES DETERMINED VERY EARLY | CELL FATES FLEXIBLE FOR SOME TIME |
| GASTROPORE BECOMES MOUTH | GASTROPORE BECOMES ANUS |
| ECTODERM: | Anything associated with integument or nervous systems | |
| ENDODERM: | Anything associated with digestive systems & many respiratory systems | |
| MESODERM: | Most other internal structures, including muscles and most other systems |
| Subgroup Name - Official | Distinguishing Characteristic | Another Distinguishing Characteristic |
| Sarcodina | Pseudopod | Non-swimmers |
| Mastigophora | Flagella | Many plantlike |
| Apicomplexa | Parasitic | Alternation of generations |
| Ciliophora | Cilia | Macronucleus |
| Unicellular Eukaryotes |
| Require open water to be active |
| Often share characteristics of animals, plants, fungi |
| Use diffusion more most exchange processes |
| Fresh water forms generally have contractile vacuoles |
| Largely heterotrophic, though some are autotrophic |
| Utilize virtually every type of reproduction |
| May exhibit colonial features |
THERE IS NO KEY FOR THE BONUS QUESTIONS.
BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
What "impossible" ability was shown by flatworms in the infamous McDarby training experiment? Four Points.
What are two good evolutionary reasons why snakes do not have external ears? Three Points
each.
What are the two aspects of bee dancing, and what information comes from each part? Eight
Points.
What is one of the major reasons that Protists were "split off" into their own Kingdom? Four
Points.
In what way can a sponge be barely more complex than a colonial protozoan? Four Points.
What happens when corals "bleach?" Four Points.
What three distinctly different causes of death (human) might be blamed on Cnidarians? Two
Points each.