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BI 173 - Fourth Exam - 2000
ANSWER KEY
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each.
NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
___B___ 1. A swim bladder is used for
a. Respiration
b. Buoyancy
c. Excretion
d. Skeletal structure
e. Practical jokes
...it adjusts the average density of a bony fish and allows it to
"hang" at
certain depths...
___A___ 2. Which is most likely to have epidermal poison glands?
a. Frog
b. Lizard
c. Roundworm
d. Sea cucumber
e. Something you don't want to mess with
...from the notes & book...
___D___ 3. Which groups are largely or entirely marine?
a. Turbellarians and cephalopods
b. Bony fish and polychaete worms
c. Echinoderms and rotifers
d. Crustaceans and echinoderms
e. Marine or moron?
...it's the largely that defines this...cephalopods and
echinoderms would
have been better, though...
___B___ 4. Chromatophores would be used in
a. Memory
b. Camouflage
c. Vision
d. Flight
e. Confusing students
...they're color-changing cells...
___C___5. Modern winged insects use
a. All four wings to fly
b. A direct muscle system
c. An indirect muscle system
d. All of these
e. Credit cards to accumulate frequent flyer points
...from the notes & book...
___B___6. Which group is most likely the most widespread?
a. Vertebrates
b. Nematodes
c. Insects
d. Mollusks
e. Salespeople
...as in found in the most places...if you look close enough, you can
find nematodes where insects are, and many places they're not...
___C___7. Which would have no internal body cavities?
a. Nematode
b. Clam
c. Tapeworm
d. Starfish
e. Well, let's do a cavity search...
...flatworms (gut cavities don't count - not technically internal)
___C___8. The presence or absence of wings on an insect are a reliable indicator of
a. Feeding habits
b. Diapause
c. Sexual maturity
d. Polymorphism
e. Shouldn't "flight" have shown up here somewhere...?
...since most insects are winged but only as adults...
___B___9. Which are insects?
a. Beetles, mites, and moths
b. Termites, lice, and wasps
c. Flies, fleas, and ticks
d. Fleas, ticks, and lice
e. Now I just feel all crawly...
...you look for the exceptions in each list...
___B___10. A mantle would be involved in the production of
a. Waste in an arthropod
b. A snail's shell
c. Waste in an annelid
d. A sea urchin's spines
e. Tasteful decoration of a fireplace
...from the notes & book...
___B___11. Which would not have antennae?
a. House flies
b. Dust mites
c. Fiddler crabs
d. Millipedes
e. Cable TV households
...it's "find the chelicerate"...
___D___12. Which would have hydrostatic skeletons?
a. Liver fluke and wasp
b. Squid and sea squirt
c. Starfish and slug
d. Ascaris and leech
e. Regis and Kathie Lee
...nematodes and annelids...
___B___13. Which would have eyelids?
a. Snake
b. Lizards
c. Bony fish
d. Insects
e. Blinky
...it's one of the differences between snakes and lizards...
___C___14. Hookworms would
a. Be flattened
b. Have metameres
c. Have only longitudinal muscles
d. Each have a scolex
e. Be preset for good fishing
...you need to recognize them as nematodes and then find the
nematode feature...
___B___15. Which would produce a relatively sealed egg?
a. Crow, turtle, kangaroo
b. Crocodile, turkey, platypus
c. Lizard, robin, opossum
d. Frog, snake, chicken
e. A lady seal
...should be an egg-laying land animal. Could include insects
&
arachnids, too, unless amniote egg is mentioned...
___D___16. In which groups are most species found in fresh water?
a. Cephalopods and echinoderms
b. Crustaceans and nematodes
c. Amphibians and cartilage fish
d. Oligochaete worms and rotifers
e. The ones that are fresh and wet
...from the notes & book...
__D___17. What are chelicerae?
a. Type of copulatory structure
b. Type of limbs
c. Type of plankton
d. Type of mouthparts
e. Type of chewing gum
...separates the chelicerates from the mandibulates - maybe mandibles
are
easier to remember as mouthparts...
___B___18. Which would be considered to possess a closed circulatory system?
a. Roundworm and starfish
b. Earthworm and salamander
c. Beetle and shark
d. Bird and moth
e. Does the closed system require a password to get in?
...this would be annelids, chordates, echinoderms...
SHORT ANSWER.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.
1. What are the two most likely "staging areas" from which animals could preadapt to a terrestrial
way of life?
| TIDAL POOLS |
SHALLOW FRESH WATER
|
2. Briefly explain the biological significance of the trochophore larva.
...THEY
ARE FOUND IN SEVERAL PHYLA WHICH OTHERWISE HAVE NO OBVIOUS EVOLUTIONARY
CONNECTIONS
3. Chordates and Echinoderms are the only two major phyla in what group?
...DEUTEROSTOMES
4. Give four examples, from different phylum- or class-level subgroups, of filter feeders.
|
PORIFERA
|
BIVALVES |
WHALES |
SEA SQUIRTS |
|
LANCELETS
|
BARNACLES |
|
|
5. What, by definition, makes a host an intermediate host?
...PARASITE
INSIDE REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY
6. Give four different types of arachnids -
|
SPIDERS
|
SCORPIONS |
DADDY
LONGLEGS |
TICKS |
|
MITES
|
|
|
|
7. What two sorts of underwater "flying" modes are used by Chondrichthyes?
...airplane-like
by sharks, birdlike by rays
8. Give two sets of distinct differences between features of -
| CHILOPODS |
DIPLOPODS |
| Only 1 pair of legs per segment
|
2 pairs of legs per segment |
| Predators
|
Herbivores |
| Produce injectable offensive
poison
|
Spray defensive poisons |
9. Answer for Caenorhabditis elegans -
Phylum?
Nematodes |
Significance?
Important research animal in
studies of embryology
and development |
10. What is a radula?
...a
mollusk feeding structure
11. List four different orders (common names okay) of placental mammals.
...includes
rodents, bats, elephants, seals & walruses, cetaceans, carnivores,
even-hoofed, odd-hoofed, primates, etc...
12. Give two examples, from two completely different phyla, of animals that lack
cephalization.
...includes
and cnidarians or echinoderms, or bivalves, or sponges
13. What are the two currently-surviving groups of jawless fish?
...slime
eels/ hagfish and lamprey eels
14. What is an operculum?
...bony
fish's gill cover
15. Name two major subgroups from different phyla that typically go through
metamorphosis.
...any
of the indirect-development insect groups and an amphibian subgroup
16. Research with acanthocephalans could lead to the development of which sort of product?
...a chemical that draws pest insects into the open before spraying
pesticides
17. What sort of animals (group) have parapods, and what are parapods?
...annelids
have these fin-like paddles
LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
NOTE: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
1. For the three major modern subgroups of the mollusks, name the subgroup (technical
name) and briefly explain the foot modifications made by that subgroup.
GASTROPODS
|
VENTRAL, WITH CILIATED LOCOMOTION
SURFACE |
BIVALVES
|
TONGUE-SHAPED, FOR DIGGING AND PUSHING |
CEPHALOPODS
|
TENTACLES WITH SUCKERS |
2. For three different flight adaptations in birds, briefly describe the adaptation, then briefly explain how it contributes to a bird's ability to fly.
Endothermic
|
High metabolism needed to power flight when
needed |
Air Spaces in bones & body
|
Reduces weight and adds to respiration
(lots of oxygen needed) |
Wings
|
Should be obvious |
Feathers
|
Lightweight, insulating for conserving
heat/energy,
good for pushing air |
| No teeth |
Reduces weight |
| Body bones fused together |
Wing energy not lost in body movements |
| Keel-like breast bone |
Anchor for flying muscles |
| Build nest and feed / protect young |
Eggs laid early to reduce weight; young
must be quickly gotten to flying stage for their own survival |
| Communicate with sound |
Allows communication from distance, in foliage
and while flying |
3. What are six groups, Class level or larger, that are considered terrestrial groups?
ARACHNIDS
|
CENTIPEDES |
REPTILES |
INSECTS
|
MILLIPEDES |
BIRDS |
MAMMALS
|
ONYCHOPHORANS |
ACANTHOCEPHALANS |
4. Give the three sets of differences between the nervous systems of -
| ARTHROPODS |
CHORDATES |
| VENTRAL
|
DORSAL |
| SOLID
|
HOLLOW / TUBULAR |
| DOUBLE
|
SINGLE |
5. Contrast with three sets of differences:
| CHONDRICHTHYES |
OSTEICHTHYES |
| CARTILAGE SKELETON
|
BONE SKELETON |
| VENTRAL MOUTH
|
ANTERIOR MOUTH |
| NO OPERCULUM
|
OPERCULUM |
| NO SWIM BLADDER
|
SWIM BLADDER |
| SWIMMING ANALOGOUS TO AIR FLIGHT
|
SWIMMING NONANALOGOUS TO AIR FLIGHT |
| INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
|
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION, MOSTLY |
| NOT PARTICULARLY WATERPROOFED
|
FAIRLY WELL-WATERPROOFED |
| MARINE
|
MARINE AND FRESH WATER |
6. For a typical annelid, give three different types of features that -
| SHOW METAMERISM |
DO NOT SHOW METAMERISM |
| PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
|
BRAIN |
| MUSCLE SYSTEM
|
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM |
| HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
|
SENSORY SYSTEM |
| EXCRETORY STRUCTURES
|
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (OFTEN) |
| CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
|
ANTENNAE |
7. What are six characteristic features that, among animals with some size, are pretty much
found only in Echinoderms?
| WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM
|
PENTARADIAL SYMMETRY |
| LACK OF CEPHALIZATION
|
NO OBVIOUS CIRCULATORY SYSTEM |
| NO APPARENT EXCRETORY SYSTEM
|
MAJOR SYMMETRY CHANGE DURING EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT |
| ENDOSKELETON THAT ACTS LIKE
ECTOSKELTON
|
NO NONMARINE SPECIES AT ALL |
8. What are six features of a terrestrial existence that presented significant challenges to
animals who were accustomed to an aquatic life?
| DRYING
|
SUPPORT / MOVEMENT |
| DIRECT SUNLIGHT EFFECTS
|
HIGH OXYGEN LEVELS |
| GREATER TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS
|
NO WATER TO SUPPORT SPERM TRANSFER |
NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the
rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
Virtually every species of trematodes spend one part of their life cycle in which type of animal?
Three Points.
How do sheep tapeworm larvae increase the chances that the ants they're in will get eaten by
sheep (Three Points), and how do they accomplish this? (Three Points)
How was the original version of the caduceus used? Four Points.
Horseshoe crabs were used earlier in the semester as an example of what evolutionary
process? Three Points.
Which animal group has a unique subtype of muscle tissue (Three Points), and what subtype is
it? (Three Points)
What is the significance of the onychophorans? Four Points
For Three Points each, what sorts of basic "body plans" (more specific than just symmetry types)
show up in many different groups? You can describe a type with an animal that's a typical
example.
When vertebrates moved from the water onto land, what other groups of organisms were most
likely already there? Three Points each.
Scientists used to think that the pterosaurs, the winged lizards of the time of the dinosaurs,
couldn't really fly because they lacked what structure? Three Points.
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