BI 173 - Fourth Exam - 1998
ANSWER KEY
Multiple Choice.
Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line
to the left.
Two Points Each.
NOTE: “e” answers are never the correct answer.
...from the vertebrate characteristics list...
___B___ 2. Chromatophores could be found
a. In insect eyes
b. On the surface of an octopus
c. In reptile eggs
d. On Portuguese Man-o-War tentacles
e. Anywhere new Jiffy Chromatophore RemoverTM isn't used
...cephalopod camouflage cells...
___A___ 3. Powerful defensive poisons can be found in
a. Frogs and millipedes
b. Sea urchins and roundworms
c. Leeches and lizards
d. Lamprey eels and flukes
e. Baby diapers and closed elevators
...which make them bad to eat...
___B___ 4. Which are deuterostomes?
a. Roundworm and leech
b. Starfish and salamander
c. Spider and earthworm
d. Slug and pigeon
e. You're just making these words up, aren't you -?
...echinoderms and chordates...
___D___5. Polymorphism is a term describing
a. Excretory function in mollusks
b. Different host types in flatworms
c. The many-appendage patterns in annelids
d. Body form variations in social insects
e. Some biological thingy that no sane person understands
...from the notes & book...
___C___6. Which are in the same phylum?
a. Polychaete worm and sea cucumber
b. Bat and dragonfly
c. Sea squirt and eagle
d. Roundworm and liver fluke
e. Could I alphabetize them instead?
...both chordates...
___D___7. Probably the most important aspect of the osteichthyan swim bladder is that it
a. Helps draw oxygen from the water
b. Gives the muscles something to pull against
c. Could be evolved into a lung
d. Helps conserve energy
e. Does not produce detectable "warm spots" in the swimming pool
...by making it unnecessary to work to hold a particular depth...
___B___8. The defining characteristic between the two major subgroups of Arthropods:
a. Numbers of legs
b. Types of mouthparts
c. Habitat type
d. Numbers of body divisions
e. Original recipe or extra crispy
...separates the mandibulates from the chelicerates...
___B___9. Mantle cavities could be found in
a. Sea urchins and crayfish
b. Sea anemones and starfish
c. Snails and jellyfish
d. Oysters and squid
e. In fireplaces with built-in knick-knack cabinets
...feature of mollusks...
___B___10. An endocrine system could be found in
a. A cat and a beetle
b. A goldfish and a crow
c. An earthworm and a scorpion
d. A shark and a starfish
e. But why would you be looking?
...both vertebrates...
___A___11. Which are both sessile?
a. Poriferans and tunicates
b. Leeches and anemones
c. Rotifers and starfish
d. Insects and amphibians
e. What they do on their own time is none of our business...
...more-or-less non-movers...
___D___12. Direct diffusion exchange, each cell with the environment, is the primary
respiratory mode for
a. Flukes and nematodes
b. Spiders and crabs
c. Hydras and earthworms
d. Jellyfish and tapeworms
e. Is this covered in campaign finance reform?
...from the characteristics of both groups...
___A___13. Which are insects?
a. Lice and fleas
b. Fleas and ticks
c. Ticks and mites
d. Silverfish and daddy longlegs
e. I just squish 'em, I don't interview 'em...
...both modern, nonwinged insects...
___C___14. Which structures in sharks are homologous?
a. Scales and fins
b. Nerve cord and jaws
c. Scales and teeth
d. Gill slits and mouth
e. Their size and their scariness
...similar in derivation...
___A___15. If an organism is a facultative parasite, then it
a. Also may be found free-living
b. Lives externally on its host
c. Lives internally on its host
d. Goes through several larval stages
e. Lives on teachers
...it doesn't have to be a parasite...
___B___16. Which structures have each been used (separately) to taxonomically connect
what superficially seem very different groups?
a. Radial symmetry & gastrulation
b. Trochophore larva & notochord
c. Spicules & fertilization type
d. Closed circulation & segmentation
e. Leonardo DiCaprio & The Three Stooges
...connect several phyla and vertebrate & invertebrate chordates
___D___17. These would have closed circulatory systems:
a. Roundworm and sea cucumber
b. Newt and centipede
c. Turbellarian and clam
d. Earthworm and sting ray
e. Animals with high tariffs and protectivist administrators
...annelids and chordates...
___C___18. Alternations of generations is a common characteristic of
a. Frogs and butterflies
b. Roundworms and snails
c. Flukes and corals
d. Sharks and rays
e. Rock music and fashion
...for different reasons, though...
Short Answer.
Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.
Four Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
1. What common factor "forces" birds to migrate?
...disappearance of food (arthropods, commonly) for winter
2. What are two characteristic features of reptiles that allowed them to move away from open water
areas?
...could be sealed amniote eggs OR internal fertilization OR dry scaly
skin
3. Compared to exoskeletons, endoskeletons are better because: (two things)
...because they allow animals to grow much larger and more smoothly (no
molting required)
4. Compared to endoskeletons, exoskeletons are better because: (two things)
...because they better protect the animals and provide better leverage
for muscles...
5. Spicules: what are they, and what sort of animal has them?
...they are support structures in sponges
6. What does benthic mean?
...live attached to objects on the bottom...
7. Sexual selection seems more evolutionarily powerful in birds. Why?
...flight is such a powerful survival adaptation that with it, sexual
choice has a much bigger impact on evolution (birds can afford to
be obvious, they can't be easily caught anyway)
8. What is a radula, and what phylum is it a common feature in?
...it's a mouth structure found in mollusks
9. Name two Phyla whose characteristics include only 2 Cell Layers with a mesoglea between.
...Porifera and Cnidaria
...development of chemicals that would draw pest out into the open where
pesticides will be more effective on them.
11. What is it about Onychophorans that makes them biologically interesting?
...they appear to represent a link group between annelids and
arthropods.
12. What are two characteristics of Platyhelminths that were, in an evolutionary sense, "new"
in that group?
...mesoderm and organ systems, among others
13. What exactly makes an animal planktonic?
...it
floats in the surface levels of water bodies
14. What are two groups, phylum or class level, that are entirely or almost entirely marine?
...Echinoderms, Sponges, Cnidaria, Cephalopods, Polychaete worms,
Bivalves (maybe)
15. What are two general characteristic features of Echinoderms that are essentially unlike any
other group's?
...water vascular system, pentaradial symmetry, major embryonic symmetry
shift, tube feet, endoskeleton that functions like a shell or
exoskeleton
16. What are the three stages of indirect development in insects?
...larva, pupa, adult
17. Briefly describe (naming isn't enough) the two insect flight systems.
...driving muscles attach directly to the wings, or to the body walls,
moving the wings indirectly by distorting thorax shape
LONG ANSWER.
Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.
|
GRASSHOPPERS AND RELATIVES |
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS |
BEETLES |
|
TRUE "BUGS" |
ANTS, BEES AND WASPS |
TERMITES |
| FLIES | DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES |
| Name: | Site of Infection | One unusual fact about this nematode: |
| Ascaris |
Small Intestine | Females may wander out of system looking for male; eggs can remain infective for many years |
|
Guinea worms/ Dracunculus |
Abdomen, skin of lower extremities | Treatment -winding worms on stick is the origin of the caduceus/medical symbol; pass in drinking water but not through fecal contamination |
|
Trichinella |
Muscles | Passes through succession of meat-eaters |
| Pinworms | Large Intestine | Live in large intestine; common in U.S.; more common in upper classes; may not be parasite |
|
Hookworms |
Small Intestine | Live in intestine but eat blood; get to intestine by way of lungs |
|
Filarial worms |
Fluid Systems | Carried by biting insects; live in fluid systems |
| ARTHROPODS | CHORDATES |
| EXOSKELETON | ENDOSKELETON |
| VENTRAL NERVE CORD (ETC) | DORSAL NERVE CORD (ETC) |
| DORSAL HEART | VENTRAL HEART |
| OPEN CIRCULATION | CLOSED CIRCULATION |
| WATERPROOFING | PREVENTED OSMOTIC INFLOW OF WATER |
| LEGS & FEET | FOR MOVEMENT IN VERY SHALLOW WATER OR BETWEEN POOLS |
| RESISTANCE TO TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS | SHALLOW WATER CHANGES TEMPERATURE QUICKLY |
| RESISTANCE TO DIRECT SUNLIGHT | VERY SHALLOW WATER NOT MUCH PROTECTION |
| BROOD POUCHES (POSSIBLE LUNG ANCESTORS) | PROTECT EGGS AND FRY BUT SUPPLY THEM WITH ADEQUATE OXYGEN |
| Endothermic |
High metabolism needed to power flight when needed |
| Air Spaces in bones & body |
Reduces weight and adds to respiration (lots of oxygen needed) |
| Wings |
Should be obvious |
| Feathers |
Lightweight, insulating for conserving
heat/energy, good for pushing air |
| No teeth | Reduces weight |
| Body bones fused together | Wing energy not lost in body movements |
| Keel-like breast bone | Anchor for flying muscles |
| Build nest and feed / protect young | Eggs laid early to reduce weight; young must be quickly gotten to flying stage for their own survival |
| Communicate with sound | Allows communication from distance, in foliage and while flying |
| MOLLUSK SUBGROUP | FOOT MODIFICATION |
|
GASTROPODS
|
VENTRAL, WITH CILIATED LOCOMOTION SURFACE |
|
BIVALVES |
TONGUE-SHAPED, FOR DIGGING AND PUSHING |
|
CEPHALOPODS |
TENTACLES WITH SUCKERS |
| Monotremes | Platypus, Echidna | Bats | Fruit Bats, etc | |
| Marsupials | Kangaroo, Opossum, Etc. | Whales & Dolphins | Blue Whale, etc. | |
| Rodents | Mice, Etc. | Seals & Walruses | Fur Seals, etc | |
| Primates | Humans, etc | Carnivores | Cats, Dogs, etc | |
| Even-hoofed | Cattle, etc | Odd-hoofed | Horses | |
| Elephants | Indian Elephant | Rabbits etc | Snowshoe Hare |
| Lizards and Snakes |
| Turtles and Tortoises |
| Crocodiles and Alligators |
NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.
How might the evolution of amebocytes have affected the development of genetic cell patterns in advanced life? Five Points.
What economic impact is being felt from ctenophores? Three Points.
For Three Points each, what biological reasons make it almost impossible for the Loch Ness
Monster to be a plesiosaur (other than they're supposed to be extinct)?
The single animal species with probably the most individuals at any given moment belongs to
which subgroup? Where are they found? Three Points for each part.
Vertebrate circulatory systems early on developed a "second push" system that has evolved from
there. What was the underlying reason for needing two pushes? Five Points.
What very recent fossil find has firmed up the dinosaur-bird evolutionary connection? Three
Points.
Many basic "designs" show up by convergent evolution in distantly related groups. For Three
Points Each, name a design and two decent-sized groups in which that design is common.