BI 173 - Chapter 12 - Endocrine Systems.

Hormones.

    Receptors:

        Cell Surfaces.

            2nd Messenger inside cell.

                Cyclic AMP, etc.

            Message may be amplified.

        Cytoplasmic.

            Lipid-soluble hormones.

                e.g. Steroid Hormones.

                May bind to nonhistone chromosomal proteins.

Control:

    Based upon monitoring.

    Feedback.

        From effects, other chemistry, hormone levels, etc.

    Neurosecretory Cells. May float free in hemolymph.

        e.g Molting Hormone/Ecdysone, Juvenile Hormone.

Vertebrates:

    Pituitary Gland / Hypophysis.

        Anterior: Endoderm Origin.

         Posterior: Ectoderm / Nervous Origin.

        Hypothalamus connection.

            Releasing factors.

        "Master Gland" - Tropic Hormones.

        Other, nontropic hormones, e.g.

            Growth H, Antidiuretic H, Oxytocin...

    Metabolic.

    Ion Control.

        Ca, Na, K, Cl, etc.

    Regulatory:

        Nutrients, e.g. Insulin & Glucagon.

        Water / Dilution Control.

    Adrenaline / Epinephrine -

        "Flight or Fight."

    Antiinflammatory.

    Sex.

    Digestive.

Michael McDarby,
        Based Upon Hickman-Roberts-Larson Biology of Animals,
            1998, WCB McGraw-Hill.
        Internet Version Uploaded 2001.