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SC 135 - First Exam Fall 2010
Answer Key
Links connect to relevant
parts of the online book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that
best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
1. In
living systems, respiration
___C___ a. Always uses oxygen
b. Requires a breathing system
c. Moves energy from molecule to molecule
d. All of these
e. Is nice
...it's a basic process that only sometimes uses oxygen.
2. Which
would contain all of the others?
___A____
a. Ecosystem
b. Population c. Individual
d. Community e. Giant containy
thing
...individuals in populations in communities in ecosystems.
3. What is "ticking" in a molecular clock?
___D___ a. Attached sugars
b. Protein changes
c. Electrons
d. Point mutations
e. Is that what I hear? I thought it was my brain cells dying.
...changes in particular spots on DNA molecules that accumulate over
time at a sort-of regular rate.
4.
Which once-accepted concept has been largely discredited,
shown to be wrong?
___B___ a. Viruses are bacteria
b. Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
c. Placebo effect
d. Triple-blind testing
e. Biology is fun
...we don't actually relive our evolutionary history as embryos.
5. Which
progression is right?
___C___ a. Organs contain cells which contain tissues
b. Tissues contain organs which contain cells
c. Organs contain tissues which contain cells
d. Cells contain tissues which contain organs
e. Dizzy...so dizzy...
...smaller in bigger, simpler in more complex.
6. In
a colony of single-celled organisms,
___D___ a. The cells all look and act
the same
b. At least 2 different species are always present
c. It becomes one huge cell
d. Cells specialize on different jobs
e. They often declare independence and carry tiny new flags
...it's part of the definition of a colony.
7. Which
actually starts as quantitative data?
___A___
a. How many flies have crooked wings?
b. How bad is the headache?
c. How fast is the stream flowing?
d. How hairy are the mice?
e. How crazy is this driving me?
...Each can be represented with numbers, but only one thing
actually starts as numbers.
8.
Which basically says, "Your idea is wrong"?
___C___ a. Non-predictive
b. False result
c. Null
hypothesis d. Negative analogy
e. Annoying voices in your head
...it's always a possible result when you test an idea.
9. The current way to determine species is based on -
___A___
a. Behavior in nature
b. Ability to make offspring
c. Description
d. If offspring can make offspring
e. Poking it with a sharp stick
...the best judge of who belongs in a group is the group in their
natural habitat.
10.
Organisms with similar analogy but different homology follow
___D___ a. Analytic classification
b. Systematic classification c.
Divergent evolution
d.
Convergent evolution
e. The Twitter accounts of their favorite singers
...they do the same thing using different structures.
11.
What is a common way to keep chance from having a major effect on
experimental results?
___B___ a. Using trusted statistics on results
b. Using many specimens
c. Peer review
d. Using models
e. When in doubt, flip a coin
...the bigger the study, the less impact a rare chance happening will
have on it.
12.
In which example is ethics acting as a confounding factor?
___B___
a. Making mice sick rather than people b. Not using medical results from Nazi concentration camp experiments
c. Avoiding a type of statistical approach that some might misuse
d. You're not allowed to name species after yourself
e. Punching the other scientists may be fun, but it's frowned upon
...where is it actually affecting the design (and possibly the results)
of an experiment?
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1.
Where does a newly-dead animal need to quickly
wind up to have the best chance of eventually becoming a
fossil? |
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...on the bottom of a body of
water, buried in sediments, by far the most common way that fossils get
formed. |
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2.
In any food chain, what eventually happens to the - |
| MATERIALS?
It gets recycled |
ENERGY?
It gets lost as heat |
3. Put the following groups in order
from the largest to the smallest: Class, Family, Genus, Kingdom, Order,
Phylum, Species, Subclass, Superorder.
|
| 1
Kingdom |
4
Subclass |
7
Family |
| 2
Phylum |
5
Superorder |
8
Genus |
| 3
Class |
6
Order |
9
Species |
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4.
For Francesco Redi's meat experiment - |
| The variable -
Meat isolated with cloth covering |
The control -
Uncovered meat |
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5. It's considered wrong in science to say
something has been proved. Why? |
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...It assumes that your
explanation is the only one possible. You can gather evidence, but
never be absolutely sure someone won't have a better explanation. |
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6. What exactly is DNA doing that
affects the chemistry of a cell? |
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...it's coding for the enzymes
that all of the chemistry depends upon. |
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7. What are the two most common (different) forms of
experimental models? |
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Animals (models for people) |
Computer simulations |
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8. Two different ways to make indirect
observations, in general: |
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Use other people's observations |
Use devices to detect things your own
senses can't |
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9. What exactly is the placebo effect? |
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...in treatment tests, the act
of treating people can all by itself produce improvement in them. |
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10. In an experiment, what is an
artifact? |
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...it's a result that the
process itself produces, rather then the variable. |
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11. When is it necessary to do a field
test? |
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...when what you need to test
cannot be done under controlled lab conditions. |
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12. The embryos of distantly-related
organisms hold more similarities than the adults. Give one reason
why this happens. |
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...very early changes are more
likely to produce large changes later, so they can be more dangerous and
less likely to take hold.
...the environments of early
embryos tend to be similar, so they retain similarities. |
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13.
What is meant by the metabolism of a system? |
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...all of the energy-moving
chemistry in the system. |
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14.
Put these in the proper ecosystem order: Consumers,
Decomposers, Producers. |
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Producers |
Consumers |
Decomposers |
LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points
Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. Give two different rules that apply to
each in binomial nomenclature. |
FIRST
WORD |
SECOND
WORD |
ENTIRE
NAME |
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Always capitalized |
Never capitalized |
Treated as foreign - underlined or
italics |
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Is the Genus name |
Means nothing by itself |
Abbreviated with Genus initial and
second word |
2. Give the following for sexual reproduction
-
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BASIC
Offspring are genetic mixes from 2 sources
DEFINITION (not necessarily 2
parents or using male & female) |
ADVANTAGE
Produces more variation in offspring
compared to asexual
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DISADVANTAGE
Can't actually reproduce the original
compared to asexual
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3. What are four features that science as a
system should have (this is NOT looking for steps of the
scientific method)? |
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Deals only with testable ideas |
Based on broadly-accepted rules of
logic |
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Cannot prove, but can disprove |
Conclusions are always subject to
being modified or discarded. |
4. What are three different things that
can be compared based on homologies and used to
determine biological relatedness?
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Internal structures (including fossils) |
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Embryos |
Complex molecules |
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5.
For viruses - |
| 2 Features they
have that are also found in all living things - |
2 Features all
living things should have that viruses do NOT have - |
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Genetic System |
Not truly cellular |
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Reproduction |
Don't really interact with environment |
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Evolution |
No growth or development |
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6. Name four of the Six "Basic"
Kingdoms, and for each list enough traits to make it
clearly different from the other five. |
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Plantae |
Multicelled, can do photosynthesis |
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Animalia |
Multicelled, absorb nutrients from
inside spaces, usualy can move |
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Fungi |
Multicelled, made of hyphae (fibers),
absorb nutrients across outer surfaces |
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Protista |
Eukaryotes, single-celled or very
simple multicelled |
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Monera |
Prokaryotes, more widely found |
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Archaea |
Prokaryotes, found in more "extreme"
environments |
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7.
Two different processes that take some energy from
the environment and make chemical bond energy in fuel molecules -
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Type of environmental
energy used by each named process - |
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Chemosynthesis |
Hot chemical energy |
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Photosynthesis |
Light |
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result
in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these
answers.
For 2 Points Each, list the ways that a robot-building robot fits the features
that make something "alive."
What sorts of basic jobs do animal tissues do? Two Points each, but there are
only 5 animal tissue types.
In biological systems, what is ATP? Three Points.
In the past, when evolution has happened quickly, what was happening in the
environment? Three Points.
What was "wrong" with Redi's first meat experiment? Three Points.
In general (not just in science), what was the concept of postmodernism about?
Three Points.
What's the "extra" level in a triple-blind test? Three Points.
Linnaeus came up with terms for what non-classification-related organisms? Three
Points
What original Kingdom soon was excluded? Three Points.
Which basic Kingdom was "promoted" last? Three Points.
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