SC 135 - Second Exam 1996

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.

NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer. Five Points Each.

 

1. Someone who is lactose intolerant would have a problem digesting a(n)

________ a. Lipid b. Protein

c. Sugar d. Enzyme

e. I have no time for people who are intolerant

2. An error in the DNA of an organism might affect protein function because of

________ its direct effect on

a. Primary structure b. Secondary structure

c. Tertiary structure d. Quaternary structure

e. A cell's contracts with its molecule unions

3. Carbohydrates include

________ a. Fats & oils b. Sugars & starches

c. DNA & RNA d. Acids & Bases

e. One other thing I've forgotten from studying

4. C6 H12O6 + O2 ------> CO2 + H2O + Energy

________ What reaction is this?

a. Ionic b. Respiration

c. Covalent d. Photosynthesis

e. Couldn't I give my reaction to this?

5. An atom that has added or lost electrons in order to be more chemically stable:

________ a. Isotope b. Acid c. Base

d. Ion e. Obsessed with appearance

6. A salt-water crocodile produces "crocodile tears," with much more salt than

________ the cells that make them. The salt is moved by

a. Osmosis b. Active transport

c. Passive transport d. Photosynthesis

e. Embarrassment about being in "crocodile tears"

7. Which features are found in all cells?

________ a. Cell walls and chromosomes

b. Cell membranes and cytoplasm

c. Cell membranes and cell wall

d. Chromosomes and nuclei

e. Driver's-side air bags and AM radio

8. The pH of the digestive juices within the human small intestine is between 7.5

________ and 8.5. This environment could be described as

a. Acidic b. Neutral c. Basic

d. Dehydrated e. Icky

9. A cell involved in secretion should contain

________ a. Chromosomes b. Ribosomes

c. Golgi bodies d. All of these

e. Oh, no! Not another one of these questions!!!

10. Electrons are shared between atoms in

________ a. Covalent bonds b. Ionic bonds

c. Isotopic bonds d. Enzyme bonds

e. Very picky divorce settlements

11. An allele is a

________ a. A type of membrane attachment

b. Molecule used for energy storage

c. The dissolved material in a solution

d. Variation in the code of a gene

e. The newest flavor of alcoholic Snapple

12. Which chemical process is essential in the digestion of food?

________ a. Dehydration synthesis b. Spontaneous generation

c. Hydrolysis d. Endosymbiosis

e. Whatever weird stuff happens in barbeque sauce

13. A contractile vacuole would be needed by a cell placed into a solution that is

________ a. Isotonic to the cytoplasm b. Hypotonic to the cytoplasm

c. Hypertonic to the cytoplasm d. Hydrophobic

e. Full of tiny lawyers

 

SHORT ANSWER. Answer any ten of the following questions for 7 Points Each.

Note: if you answer more than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.

1. What two materials are commonly found in cell walls?

 

 

2. Give two traits that are found particularly in salts.

 

 

3. The Fluid Mosaic Model: explain how both parts relate to membrane structure.

Fluid:

Mosaic:

 

4. Briefly define diffusion.

 

 

5. What makes a molecule organic?

 

 

6. What two cell structures are most likely to have evolved from endosymbionts?

 

 

7. Name two different types of biological macromolecules.

 

 

8. How is the nuclear envelope structured differently from the external cell membrane?

 

 

9. What happens to an atom or molecule if it goes through a oxidation reaction?

 

 

10. Name two structures that make up the cytoskeleton.

 

 

11. What is it about a molecule that makes it polar?

 

 

12. How are the bonding characteristics of Carbon an important aspect of its biological

importance?

 

 

13. Briefly, what occurs during podocytosis?

 

 

14. What are the molecular "pieces" that go into a lipid?

 

 

15. What is it about water that causes it to expand as it cools from about 4 degrees Celsius down to the freezing point?

 

 

16. What exactly is a polymer?

 

 

17. What exactly is osmosis?

 

 

18. What is a plasmid?

 

 

19. There are two major uses plants get out of the main product of photosynthesis. What are they?

 

 

20. What is spontaneous generation?

 

 

21. If more Hydroxide ions are added to a solution, what happens to the solution's pH reading?

LONG ANSWER. Answer any five of the following questions for 13 Points Each.

Note: if you answer more than five, only the first five will be corrected.

1. For the three major groups listed below, give the features found that, taken in combination, makes the cells from that group different from the cells in the other group.

Monera (bacteria):

Plants:

Animals:

2. Below is one half-strand of a DNA molecule. Use that strand as the starting point for both parts of the question, and show both the other DNA strand and the RNA strand that would be made from it

_____ ________________________________________________________________

DNA Strand: A G G T C T G A A T T C C G A T C G

Other DNA Strand: _____ ___________________________________________________________________

RNA Strand: _________________________________________________________________________

Bonus: For Four Points, show codons on the given DNA strand.

3. A liver cell needs to produce starches but doesn't have the enzymes necessary. Step by step, give the processes the cell needs to go through to do this and the cell structures involved.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Name, describe the structure, and give the function of three membrane-based cell organelles found in the cytoplasm.

Name Structure Function

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Briefly explain, step by step, the process by which a virus takes over and might kill a host cell.

6. Name, describe the structure, and give the function of three features formed that are projections of the outer cell membrane.

Name Structure Function

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Name and describe three of the properties of water that make it somewhat unusual.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. The molecule shown below contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen. Using the surrounding bonds as clues, fill in on each dotted line which type of atom belongs there.

....... ....... .......

 

....... ....... ....... .......

 

....... ....... ....... .......

 

....... ....... .......

BONUS. What types of molecule is this, exactly? Four Points. ________________

9. Two choices: either name six uses made of proteins, or name three and describe briefly how each works.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BONUS QUESTIONS ON BACK.

BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam.

Earth's atmosphere is almost 75% Nitrogen. What is it about Nitrogen that has caused it to build up until it's such a large part of the air? Three Points.

 

 

 

Cellulose, plant fiber, is very difficult to digest. What is it about the cellulose molecule that makes it so tough to break down? Four Points.

 

 

 

Why would a fish be waterproof? Six Points.

 

 

 

Where exactly do the numbers of the pH system come from? Four Points.

 

 

A cell can secrete albumin on demand. For Four Points each, list the cell structures that should be in such a cell, with a reason why the structure would be there.