SC 135 - Third Exam 2000

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

1. Another way to state the idea of Occam’s razor is,

_______  a. Only believe something with evidence
                b. Only pure logic should be used in decisions
                c. Rely on the simplest solution
                d. Always consult authority
                e. Never shave in the dark

 

2. The reaction Glucose + Oxygen -----> CO2 + H2O is

_______  a. Anaerobic respiration         b. Photosynthesis        c. Aerobic respiration
                d. Protein synthesis                        e. Awfully familiar - is that worth any points?

 

3. The body uses fats and starches to store energy until it’s eventually needed.  What form
                                is this energy in?
_______  a. Catalytic                 b. Potential                 c. Synthetic                d. Kinetic
                                                                e. Thanksgiving leftovers

 

4. Which is true?

_______   a. More species are autotrophs but heterotrophs account for more biomass
                    b. Autotrophs have more species and more biomass than heterotrophs
                    c. Heterotrophs have more species and more biomass than autotrophs
                    d. More species are heterotrophs but autotrophs account for more biomass
                    e. I’m supposed to know what those bizarre words mean, right -?

 

5. Which dietary supplement would be a coenzyme?

_______   a. Vitamin D             b. Calcium             c. The amino acid tryptophan
                 d. Fiber                        e. Squished dragonfly eyeballs

 

6. A cell is haploid when it

_______   a. Prepares for a division                                  b. Has only one set of chromosomes
                    c. Has two sets of chromosomes                    d. Have half a set of chromosomes
                                            e. Great! It’s haploid and I’m hapless.

 

7. The idea that all of the energy in a system may move around but none of it disappears
                                is connected to the law of

_______   a. Conservation                         b. Entropy                         c. Kinetics
                    d. Potentials                                         e. Nocus hocus pocus

 

8. Which is true about ADP?

_______   a. It is not found in nature                         b. Photosynthesis produces it
                     c. It is a type of amino acid                      d. It is used to build ATP
                            e. It’s easier to remember than whatever the heck it stands for

 

9. pH has an effect on enzyme activity because

_______      a. Hydrogen bonds are affected by hydrogen ions
                        b. Acid burns the active sites
                        c. Higher pH means higher temperatures
                        d. Covalent bonds between amino acids get broken
                        e. It says so in my notes

 

10. Which is not considered to be a type of energy that could contribute to formation
                            of the first living molecules in Primordial Soup?

_______   a. Heat                     b. Meteor impacts                     c. Lightning
                    d. Ultraviolet rays from the Sun                 e. Energizer Bunny

 

11. Aerobic respiration is considered much more efficient than anaerobic respiration because

_______   a. It produces more sugar                         b. It produces more ATPs
                 c. It uses more oxygen                             d. It uses less light
                                        e. It has more friends in management

 

12. Reactions go faster in the presence of catalysts, because the catalysts

_______   a. Raise the temperature                          b. Supply the protons
                 c. Lower the activation energy                 d. Increase entropy
                                                    e. Bring the proper drugs

 

SHORT ANSWER.

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. What are the two major but basically different functions that go on in a cell during interphase?

 

 

2. Which types of tissues can build up an oxygen debt?

 

 

3. In general, what reactions are coupled in coupled reactions?

 

 

Why are they coupled?

 

 

4. What do histones do?

 

 

5. Cofactors provide necessary help to enzymes when the enzymes speed up a reaction. What are two different ways that cofactors "help out" an enzyme reaction?

 

 

 

6. What are two common products of anaerobic respiration?

 

 

7. What are the two ways that bioaccumulation works?

 

 

 

8. Briefly explain why shutting of one enzyme can shut down an entire metabolic pathway.

 

 

9. Show in a drawing the process that makes egg cells from starting cells. Label all of the resulting cells.

 

 

 

10. Briefly, what happens during the Krebs Cycle?

 

 

11. In this reaction, label which are substrate, which are product, and which are contributor (there may be more than one of any group, but there may not).

 

Substance A   +   Substance B              Enzyme Z \      Substance C   +   Substance D
                                                                                              /

 

12. According to current theories, what two processes may have combined in the evolution of photosynthesis?

 

 

13. Define alternation of generations.

 

 

14. What is a karyotype?

 

 

15. Give a brief example, taken from real life, of feedback in action, including how that feedback works.

 

 

LONG ANSWER.

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. For the four mitosis phases of the cell cycle (interphase is NOT part of mitosis!), give the name of the phases in order and tell one thing that happens only during that phase.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Given here is one side (strand) of DNA. Starting with this strand, show:

Starting ____________________________________________________________
Strand      T   C   G   G   T   A   A   T   G   C   C   T   A   T   C   T   C   A   A   T   T

 

Other DNA ____________________________________________________________
Strand

 

Messenger ____________________________________________________________
RNA from  1st strand

2 Point Bonus - How many codons are on the starting strand? ___________

 

3. At the points labeled with the stars, attach the appropriate labels from this list:  Violet. X-Ray. InfraRed. Red. Blue. UltraViolet.

High Frequency                    \                       Visible Range               /                   Low Frequency

                     *                    *     *         *                                       *        *

 

 

 

 

4. What are four different ways that molecules can be used to stop an enzyme from working?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Please give four sets of differences between -

MEIOSIS

MITOSIS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. If a cell needs a particular enzyme that it doesn’t currently have but can make, what steps happen in the cell? After the "request" goes out, for each step, give the location (where), the step itself (what), and the molecules (who) involved.

Where

What

Who

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LINK TO ANSWER KEY

 

BONUS QUESTIONS.

Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.

Calories (capital "C") are used to measure the energy in food. Metric calories (little "c") are used to measure energy also. What’s the number relationship between the 2 types of calories? Three Points.

 

Enzymes are a subclass of catalysts. What subclass is that? Four Points.

 

What was so important about Einstein’s E = mc2? Four Points.

 

Creationists claim that biologists’ theories about the origins of life violate one of the basic rules of the universe. What rule is that (Two Points), and why don’t the theories violate the rule (Four Points)?

 

"Warm-blooded" animals maintain a continuous stable body temperature. This has both clear advantages and disadvantages. For Four Points each, give one of each.

Advantage:

 

Disadvantage:

When ATP is used to provide energy to reactions, what is the usual process that transfers the energy? Four Points.

 

 

An extra Number 21 Chromosome produces Down Syndrome, but any of the other regular chromosomes going into an embryo would quickly kill it. Why isn’t an extra #21 fatal?  Four Points.

 

 

Why are the current GE commercials about PCBs in the Hudson River misleading? Four Points.

 

 

What are two ways that molecules can compete, as is supposed to have happened with the first "living" molecules? Three Points each.

 

 

Several different types of animals take the ammonia produced from protein breakdown and convert it into nontoxic uric acid. Why is it necessary - what related feature do they all have in common? Four Points.

 

 

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