SC 135 - Fourth Exam Spring 2004

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

 

1. In respiration and photosynthesis, water plays an important role in

_______      a. Absorbing and changing energy                        b. Reducing activation energy
                        c. Controlling enzyme activity                                d. Moving electrons around
                                                                        e. Keeping everything wet

 

2. A centriole

_______          a. Holds chromatids together
                        b. Produces spindle
                        c. Catches most of the light for photosynthesis
                        d. Helps move materials through the lipid part of a cell membrane
                        e. Is some kind of foreign car

 

3. Secretion from a cell almost always includes

_______          a. Exocytosis                         b. DNA replication                        c. Endocytosis 
                        d. Glycolysis                          e. Slime, lots of slime

 

4. The aerobic phase of respiration is more efficient (produces more ATP) than the anaerobic phase. How much more efficient is it?

_______          a. Twice                         b. Three times                         c. 17 times
                        d. 200 times                                 e. Depends on its mood

 

5. Meiosis produces cells that are

_______          a. Haploid                         b. Triploid                         c. Diploid
                        d. Identical                                                 e. Cranky

 

6. Albumin is used to

_______          a. Capture light energy
                        b. Store chemical energy
                        c. Regulate water concentration in the blood
                        d. Direct chromosome movement during meiosis
                        e. Cough up hairballs

 

7. A histone is used to

_______          a. Increase enzyme effectiveness                         b. Wrap up DNA
                        c. Move chromosomes around                           d. Absorb light energy
                                                e. Keep a pile separate from herocks

 

8. If you had your choice of similar-strength lights that each put out only one color-range 
                                of frequencies, which would be the best to grow a plant under?

_______          a. Red                         b. Green                         c. Purple
                        d. InfraRed                                   e. Chartreuse

 

9. Too much snow cover on a local pond can break down the system due to

_______          a. Lack of oxygen                         b. Too much oxygen
                        c. Lack of fuel                              d. Too much fuel  
                                        e. Too many "S’no joke!" jokes

 

10. In many salt-water birds, specialized tear ducts draw salts from the blood and concentrate 
                                them for removal at concentrations much higher than the blood has. 
                                This would involve

_______          a. Passive transport                 b. Active transport                 c. Osmosis
                        d. Facilitated diffusion                         e. Albatrosses a’bawling

 

11. A dominant allele works based upon the

_______          a. Number of genes involved                         b. Power of the DNA code
                        c. Likelihood of its being passed on               d. Effect of the coded protein
                                                e. Quality of its, um, outfits

 

12. When non-carbohydrate molecules are broken down and processed for their energy, 
                                their bits are "fed into" the

_______          a. Krebs cycle                     b. Calvin cycle                    c. Electron transport chain
                        d. Glycolysis                                            e. Grinder

 

SHORT ANSWER. 

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. Briefly, why do Barr bodies exist?

 

 

2. Give two different uses for carotenoids -

 

 

3. What happens during...

FIRST STEP
OF AEROBIC
RESPIRATION

LAST STEP
OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

4. Two areas of medical research interested in telomeres -

 

 

5. Oxygen debt occurs -

In what
cells?

Under what
conditions?

6. What are the two totally different uses that plants get from glucose?

 

 

7. What two molecules are combined to produce ATP?

 

 

8. The two major different functions that a cell may do during interphase -

 

 

9. Briefly explain what reradiation is.

 

 

10. Explain how multiple gene traits work (without using any of those 3 words).

 

 

11. What are two different ways that living things use to keep osmosis from hurting them?

 

 

12. In many ways, the processes of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis are "mirror images" of each other. What are two ways, parts, or features of the processes that clearly do not "match up"?

 

 

 

13. The nitrogen-based wastes processed by our liver and kidneys - where (what source molecule) do the wastes originally come from?

 

14. What are two different types of cofactors?

 

 

15. Define the term metabolic pathway.

 

 

 

LONG ANSWER. 

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. What are four different examples of how anaerobic organisms can be important to humans?

 

 

 

 

 

2. Below is a graph showing how enzyme activity, measured through the rate of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme, reacts to changes in pH (NOT temperature!). Fill in:

A) The name given to the pH where the graph peaks; B) Why the graph peaks there; C) and D) What’s happening to the enzyme molecules as the rate drops off (C) below the peak; and (D) above the peak.

 

                                                                         A
                                                                          *
                                                                  *                *
                                                              *                        *
Reaction                                      C    *                             *   D
Rate                                                 *                                   * 
                                                        *                                       *
                                                  *                                                    *
                                         *                                                                       *
                          *****                                                                                         ******
                                                                           B                                                                                                                                    Increasing pH —>

3. At the points labeled with the stars, attach the appropriate labels from this list:

Violet. X-Ray. InfraRed. Red. Blue. Ultraviolet.

    High Frequency                \                  Visible Range                  /               Low Frequency
             *                          *     /    *       *                                       *   \    *

 

 

4. For the four phases of mitosis (remember, one of the phases is not part of division!), name the phases in order and for each one, describe one thing that occurs only during that phase.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Briefly explain (just giving a term is not enough) four different ways that a cell may use to control an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. For the main photosynthesis reactions:

Name:

Materials or Energy Used

Materials Produced

 

 

 

 

 

 

BONUS QUESTIONS. 

Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.

ATP supplies energy to chemical reactions in 2 main ways - what are they, for 3 Points Each?

 

 

What human process has an optimal temperature below regular body temperature? Three Points.

 

 

What is the disadvantage of being endothermic ("warm-blooded")? Three Points.

 

 

What’s the other use for albumin? Three Points.

 

 

In what way is "vitamin" a very limited term? Four Points.

 

 

Why is "pinocytosis" not really the right term for what’s going on? Three Points.

 

 

Why do trees change color in the fall? What happens? Five Points.

 

 

Why are most genetic diseases recessive? Four Points.

 

 

What is "junk DNA"? Three Points.

 

 

The pigment level in human skin comes from a balance between what two processes? Three Points each.

 

 

 

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