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SC 139 - First Exam 2003
Answer Key
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that
best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never
the correct answer.
1. An electron microscope has what advantage
over a light microscope?
___C___ a. It is less
expensive
b. It is simpler to use
c. It has much better resolution
d. Specimen preparation in easier
e. Well, it must be heavier than a light microscope...
...it can clearly see / resolve much smaller objects.
2. As cells get bigger, they run into
difficulties connected to their
___B___ a.
Reproduction
b. Surface
area
c. Movement
d. Nucleus
e. Self esteem
...it can't easily "keep up" with increases in volume.
3. Which would probably have the most complete fossil
record?
___B___ a.
Butterflies
b.
Clams
c. Dinosaurs
d.
Trees
e. Shouldn’t that be "fossil CD"?
...something that lives in water and has major hard parts.
4. The central process of the scientific method is
___B___ a.
Theories
b. Controlled
experiments c.
Perfect logic
d. Broad agreement
e. Wearing lab coats and pocket protectors
...it's the preferred testing method around which everything is built.
5. Uniformitarianism is a basic idea about
___D___ a. How traits get
passed
on
b. How organisms evolve
c. Microscope lens
sequences
d. The Earth’s distant past
e. How to invent really long words
...it's the idea that the past world is pretty much like the present-
day one, and any changes occur very slowly.
6. A human windpipe has reinforcing rings, like a vacuum
cleaner hose; like the hose,
it keeps air suction from pulling the tube shut. The windpipe
and
the hose are
___A___ a. Analogous but not
homologous
b. Homologous but not analogous
c. Both homologous and analogous
d. Neither homologous nor analogous
e. Two things you don’t want caught in a closing door
...they do the same thing, but are not built of the same stuff.
7. Which was an element of Francisco Redi’s experiments
on spontaneous generation?
___A___
a.
Maggots
b. Iguanas
c. Pea plants
d. Cork
e. Ummm...generation, of a spontaneous nature-?
...does rotten meat turn into maggots...?
8. Colonial describes
___D___ a. Darwin’s theory of
movement to islands
b. How genes and alleles interact
c. The development of scientific method
d. Unicellular organisms that act multicellular
e. Those bloody Americans to a Londoner
...they get together and take on different jobs (colonies can also have
multicellular members, but that doesn't matter here)
9. In the statement, "ontogeny recapitulates
phylogeny," the ontology is
___C___ a. Evolutionary
development
b. A sort of replay
c. Embryological
development
d. Fossilization
e. Not a word I want to learn - I’ve learned enough useless words
...the rest of it amounts to "replays its evolutionary history"
10. Which is an allowable species name?
___C___ a. Generalis
Hospitalis
b. jerrius springerus
c. Regius philbinus
d. judgi Judyi
e. Man, I’ve got to get out of the house more...
...follows the capitalization rules.
11. A structure found in plant cells but not in
animal cells:
___A___
a. Cell
wall
b.
Nucleus
c. Chromosome
d. Cell
membrane
e. Chewy nougat
...helps give plants their rigid structure (not so good for mobile
animals).
12. In hybrid form, the allele for cystic
fibrosis helps carriers to resist
___C___ a.
Tuberculosis
b.
Malaria
c. Diarrhea diseases
d. Sickle-cell anemia e.
Sorry, don’t really want to make a joke about cystic fibrosis
...it affects membrane pumps that affect control of water - diarrheal diseases
cause unusual water losses.
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4
Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will
be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are two different things that can be compared
in order to find evolutionary connections between types of organisms?
There are more than two. |
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BASIC ANATOMY
FOSSIL HISTORY
EMBRYO ANATOMY |
METABOLIC MOLECULES
SEQUENTIAL MOLECULES (DNA, RNA, OR PROTEINS)
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2. What is meant by the term artificial selection?
...the individuals
who get to breed are chosen by humans.
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3. What is the current biological definition of a species?
...a group that
only breeds within that group under natural conditions.
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4. What’s the main distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Be sure to include which one has what.
...eukaryotes
have nuclei, prokaryotes do not.
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5. What is the general function of homeogenes?
...they are
used to produce basic layout in early embryos.
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6. The oldest forms of classification (as in Ancient Greek old)
tended to put types into groups according to what two
characteristics? |
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PLANTS?
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ANIMALS?
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7. Briefly describe two different ways that the age of
fossils can be determined |
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LAYER ANALYSIS
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RADIOACTIVE DATING
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8. Why is it useful to section a specimen?
...the
microscope's imaging beam can get through a section and show the inside.
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9. What is meant by a punctuated evolutionary pattern?
...quick periods
of change with long stable periods between.
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10. When a biologist has a disagreement about how a group is
classified... |
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They are allowed Put
a group somewhere else on the classification levels.
to do...
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But they are NOT Change
the name of the group.
allowed to do...
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11. What are confounding factors?
...influences
on the results of an experiment that are not the variable.
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12. Put these taxonomic groups in the proper order from smallest
to largest: class, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species,
subfamily. |
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1 SPECIES |
2 GENUS |
3 SUBFAMILY |
4 FAMILY |
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5 ORDER |
6 CLASS |
7 PHYLUM |
8 KINGDOM |
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13. With what aspect of biology history were Malpighi, Hooke,
and Leewenhoek associated?
...DEVELOPMENT
OF MICROSCOPES.
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14. Explain why it was once thought that species could not
have gone extinct in the past.
...as
folks then read the Bible, it implied that Eden's animals were somehow
imperfect.
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15. Technically, what is a gene?
...a code for a
type of protein.
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LONG ANSWER .
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight
Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first
four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are the four parts of the Cell Theory? |
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ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF AT
LEAST ONE CELL |
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CELLS ONLY COME FROM OTHER, RELATED
CELLS
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THE SMALLEST THING THAT CAN BE
CONSIDERED ALIVE IS A CELL |
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ALL CELLS ARE MORE SIMILAR THAN THEY
ARE DIFFERENT
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2. Explain (don’t just label!) the two
major ideas about evolution that are connected to Lamarck. |
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Improvements come as
parents pass on traits they have developed during their lifetimes. |
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Evolution is about continual
improvement - new is better than old.
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3. What are four different materials that can surround an
organism and eventually produce a fossil? |
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SEDIMENTS
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SAND
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SAP |
VOLCANIC ASH
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| MUD |
TAR
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4. For four of the five Kingdoms of living things described
in the course, give the name of the Kingdom and then give a
combination of typical features that makes each Kingdom completely
distinct from all the others (including the fifth). There
are SIX now. |
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ARCHAEA |
Prokaryotes
found in extreme environments |
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MONERA |
Common prokaryotes
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PROTISTA |
Eukaryotes, single-celled or
some simple multi-celled
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PLANTAE |
Eukaryotes, multi-celled,
photosynthetic (food makers)
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| ANIMALIA |
Eukaryotes,
multi-celled, food absorbed from internal spaces |
| FUNGI |
Eukaryotes,
multi-celled, food absorbed through outer surface |
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5. Thomas Malthus: |
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Basic ideas were about: Natural
Controls of Populations
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3 Different Limiting Factors:
Disease |
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Famine
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Conflict / War
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6. Give a simple progression, according to Darwin’s Theory
of Evolution by Natural Selection, from the beginning to the end here
- (You can answer the question correctly and not have the same number of
steps as the number of lines here). |
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The environment around a population changes. |
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Those individuals most suited
to the new conditions tend to survive and reproduce. |
The next
generations reflect those traits that have helped their parents
survive. Old traits not suited to new conditions become more rare.
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Over time,
the basic "type" of organism in the population becomes a type
well-suited to the new environment.
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The new
"type" is significantly different from the old species.
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The population can now be considered a new species. |
NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points
being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these
answers.
For Three Points Each, answer about Carolus Linnaeus -
Real name?
Nationality?
Other biological specialty?
What technological limitation led partly to how cladistics works?
Three Points.
Electron microscopes must have a vacuum inside them. Why? Three
Points.
About how long ago did Darwin live and work? Three Points.
Darwin disliked the use of "survival of the fittest" to
describe Evolution by Natural Selection. Why? Three Points.
What is it about Indonesia that made it such a good place to develop
ideas about evolution? Three Points.
For Three Points each -
What is a vestigial structure usually defined as?
What do they often turn out to be?
Why have some organisms evolved ways not to evolve? Three Points.
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