SC 139 - Second Exam 2000

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

                   1. The organic material that acted as "food" in the primordial soup most likely
                             originated from
_______          a. The first heterotrophs
                        b. The first autotrophs
                        c. The space material that the Earth formed from
                        d. Decomposition of dead cells
                        e. Some really desperate food conglomerate

                    2. The endosymbiosis (or endosymbiont) theory is used to explain
_______          a. Plant-insect adaptations                       b. Eukaryote cell components
                        c. Movement of plants to land                 d. Alternations of generations
                                                e. Why gas prices keep going up

                    3. Which is the sporophyte part of a dandelion?
_______          a. Almost the whole plant                         b. Parts of the flower
                        c. Only parts of the seeds                         d. The root system
                                                e. Are there labels anywhere?

                    4. The appearance of wormlike shape in several unrelated groups of
                                burrowing animals is an example of
_______          a. Asexual reproduction                             b. Divergent evolution
                        c. Sexual reproduction                               d. Convergent evolution
                            e. How you just can't keep a good shape out of the line-up

                    5. It's quite likely that a clump of ferns are all products of the same
_______          a. Cone                 b. Seed                 c. Flower                d. Rhizome 
                                                e. Sad liquor and tranquilizers evening

                    6. The main purpose of a fruit involves
_______          a. Feeding seeds             b. Feeding hosts            c. Spreading seeds 
                        d. Attracting pollinators                e. Creating stereotypes

                    7. Whale flippers and bat wings have the same basic bone pattern. They are
                        a. Analogous but not homologous
                        b. Homologous but not analogous
_______          c. Both analogous and homologous
                        d. Neither analogous nor homologous
                        e. Rarely used as ingredients on The Food Network

                    8. Which is a bryophyte?
_______          a. Pine tree         b. Fern         c. Moss        d. Apple tree         e. Regis Philbin

                    9. Which traits are used to divide up the major plant groups?
_______          a. Tube systems and seeds                     b. Leaf and root types
                        c. Ecosystem they're found in                 d. Whether sexual or asexual
                                                    e. Edible or decorative

                    10. Which is a female part of a flower?
_______          a. Stamen             b. Sorus             c. Anther            d. Pistil 
                                                e. That seems kind of personal

                    11. The early, basic layout of an embryo is generally controlled by
_______          a. Symbiotic organisms                                 b. Homeogenes
                        c. The "molecular clock"                               d. Genetic redundancy
                                e. An angel with a rough schematic and a pair of dice

                    12. Classification and evolution dependent on the "appearance" of certain 
                                 defining traits is called
_______          a. Taxonomy         b. Neo-Darwinism        c. Systematics         d. Cladistics
                                                                        e. Traityness

SHORT ANSWER.  

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.

You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. Define alternation of generations.

2. Name four major groups of organisms that are considered "land" groups.

3. Why is it reasonable for evolution to be both gradual and punctuated?

4. Two-part question, looking for definitions, not examples:

5. Briefly give the basic premise of the Gaia Hypothesis.

6. Define diploid.

7. When a biologist believes that a taxonomic group is wrongly placed in the system...

What are they allowed to do?

What are they generally not allowed to do?

8. What are two features of deep-sea hydrothermal vents that make them good candidates for the "starting place" of life?

9. Briefly explain why similarities in embryos may persist long after related adult forms become very very different.

10. Put in proper order from largest to smallest: Class, Family, Genus, Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Species, Subfamily, Superorder.

1	2	3
4	5	6
7	8	9

11. What two ecosystems would have "prepped" organisms that lived there for a movement up onto land?

12. What are two different types of molecules used by scientists in comparative biochemistry?

13. Define: pioneer organism.

14. What is the function of a homeogene?

15. Why have ferns developed alternations of generations?

16. The development of which feature was most important to plants being able to adapt to life on land (there's more than 1 possible answer - just give one), and why?

LONG ANSWER. 

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. What are four major challenges faced by organisms moving out of the water up onto the land?

2. For four of the Five Kingdoms of Living Things, give the proper name of that Kingdom and those traits that set that Kingdom's members clearly apart from the other four.

3. Give three sets of differences that set male sex cells apart from female sex cells.

4. For the currently-accepted hypothesis for the Origins of Life on Earth, put the following in order (number them) from earliest to latest.

5. Name four different processes that could produce a catastrophe big enough to bring about mass extinctions.

6. Name the major steps in the life cycle of a pine tree. There is no "set" number of steps, since they can be combined and/or split by different people.