SC 139 - Second Exam 1997

MULTIPLE CHOICE. On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.

Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

1. During the Cambrian explosion,

_______  a. All modern eukaryote groups appeared
                   b. All modern animal and plant groups appeared
                   c. All modern multicellular groups appeared
                   d. All modern animal groups appeared
                   e. Well, obviously something showed up...

2. After the Earth first formed and the oceans began, what condition existed that helped allow 
                            chemical evolution?

_______ a. Plant-provided food                                         b. Low oxygen levels 
                   c. Very cool temperatures                                    d. Early animal waste
                                                      e. Nothing was unionized yet

3. Spores would differ from pollen in that spores

_______ a. Have two sets of chromosomes                         b. Spread through the air
                   c. Have one set of chromosomes                          d. Become plants by themselves
                                                  e. Have no marshmallow in them

4. Which of these is a true statement?

_______ a. Eukaryotes evolved before prokaryotes
                   b. Prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes
                   c. The true cell evolved before the protocell
                   d. Prokaryotes didn't evolve until 6000 years ago
                   e. This is all starting to make me wish I knew where my book was

5. The Angiosperms are also known as

_______ a. Cone-bearers             b. Non-vascular plants            c. Algae 
                   d. Flowering plants                   e. It can't be anything good

6. Colonial single-celled animals can do something multicellular organism cells can't do. They can

_______ a. Live independent from each other                     b. Produce their own food
                   c. Respire aerobically                                          d. Live on the land
                               e. Claim disease bacteria as dependents on their taxes

7. One of the possible first complex molecules, the first "living" systems, is now just a 
                        "middle-man" in cell processes. It is

_______ a. RNA             b. DNA             c. Protein             d. Sugars 
                                      e. Too long ago to remember

8. You are apt to find ferns in a moist location because they have

_______ a. A water-dependent sporophyte generation
                   b. Flagellated spores                     c. Swimming sperm            d. All of these 
                                                  e. Why would I be looking -?

9. A fruit exists primarily as a

_______ a. Way to move seeds                      b. Source of animal food
                   c. Way to set up pollination             d. Source of plant food
                           e. Lead-in to old movie slapstick routines

10. The most likely "staging areas" for the invasion of the land from the water:

_______ a. Fresh water and hydrothermal vents
                   b. Fresh water and tidal zones
                   c. Tidal zones and hydrothermal vents
                   d. Fresh water and underground
                   e. Atlantis and Venice

11. A moss would have

_______ a. Xylem                     b. Phloem                     c. Rhizoids
                   d. Pollen                         e. A pretty dull personality

12. In alternations of generations, what exactly alternates?

_______ a. Male and female                             b. Single-celled and multicellular
                   c. Animal and plant                           d. Sexual and asexual
                                          e. Ummmm.... generations?

13. Transpiration draws water up through the

_______ a. Xylem                     b. Phloem                     c. Bark
                   d. Rhizoids                                 e. Can it be shut off with antitransperspirant?

14. A flower's internal structures offer clues to

_______ a. The types of spores it makes                     b. How it's pollinated
                   c. The plant's gender                                    d. Their endosymbionts
                                        e. How much the florist will charge you for it

15. Before the development of the ozone layer in the atmosphere, ultra-violet radiation 
                                was first absorbed by

_______ a. Nothing - it passed on through                     b. The lower atmosphere
                   c. The surface of the land and ocean               d. Hydrothermal vents
                           e. Anything that wanted a Cajun, blackened tan

SHORT ANSWER.  

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. The lipid-protein "bubbles" of the first protocells probably formed in what ocean sub-environment that's still around today?

2. The primordial soup is called that because it had raw organic materials in it. Where is it thought that such material came from? What was the source?

3. What sort of organisms were probably essential to plants being able to move onto land, and what function do these organisms perform for the plants?

4. Define autotroph.

5. Give an example of a seedless vascular plant.

6. Define pioneer organism.

7. The first "living" chemicals needed some energy source to help the combine and reproduce. Give two types of energy (energy types, not sources) that might have been available to them.

8. Briefly, what is the space seeding hypothesis?

9. What type of organisms left fossils in stromatolites?

10. Show the basic process of photosynthesis. Include starting materials, ending materials, and any important energy involved.

11. Show the basic process of photosynthesis. Include starting materials, ending materials, and any important energy involved.

12. What are two ways that chemicals can compete, leading to chemical evolution?

13. Briefly, what is the Gaia Hypothesis?

14. What two cell organelles are explained by the endosymbiont theory?

15. What is a sorus?

16. How has the alternation life cycle changed through time as plants evolved?

LONG ANSWER. 

Answer any three of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than three, only the first three will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. Describe the life cycle of the pine, using proper terms when required, including alternations of generations terms.

2. Describe the basic biological differences that separate male and female organisms of any type.

3. For four of the book's five Kingdoms, fill in the name and information requested.