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SC 139 - Third Exam 2005
Answer Key
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice
that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the
correct answer.
1. Forests go from being mostly angiosperms to
mostly gymnosperms going
___C___ a. Up
in altitude or south in latitude
b. Down in altitude or south in latitude
c. Up in altitude or north in latitude
d. Down in altitude or north in latitude
e. Alphabetically
...gymnosperms do better in colder and more
nutrient-poor
environments.
2. The cuticle of plants
___A___
a.
Prevents water loss
b. Protects from damage
c. Prevents water entry
d. Absorbs light
e. Can’t be fixed at a nail salon
...it's a waxy waterproof layer.
3. The dangerous aspects of schistosome disease is
produced mostly by
___D___ a.
The worms eating body cells
b. Poisons created by the worms
c. The body’s own immune reactions
d. Wandering eggs
e. Trying to say it, spitting on folks, and getting slapped
...the eggs are spined to help them get out, but if
they are carried off
into the body, it's a major problem.
4. If the strength of four single-frequency colored
lights was identical, which light would give
the best results for plant growth?
___B___ a.
Green
b. Purple
c. Red
d. It makes no difference
e. Whichever one you can find on e-bay.
...the green is useless, since it's reflected. Of
the other colors, the highest-
frequency ones at the purple end of the spectrum (red's at the other end)
carry more energy for photosynthesis.
5. Many people can’t get beaver fever (giardiasis) a
second time because
___D___ a.
They’ve developed an immunity to it
b. Only beavers can get it
c. The first bout kills them
d. They are carrying Giardia that prevents it
e. They were too embarrassed by the name the first time
...since being in your intestine isn't technically
inside you, where your immunity
works, you can't get immune to it, but after getting settled in (and making
the host somewhat ill, the critters themselves work to keep the host up and
spreading their offspring by preventing new parasites from getting out of
control.
6. The algae found at different depths are generally
different colors because
a. They need to blend into different environments
b. The temperature drops with depth
___C___
c. They use different
chlorophylls
d. They produce different materials with photosynthesis
e. They read different fashion magazines
...the different light frequencies that reach different
depths require
different chlorophylls to capture it.
7. Cephalization is almost always linked to
___B___ a.
Endoderm
b. Bilateral symmetry
c. Ectoderm
d. Radial symmetry
e. 50 other impossible-to-remember terms
...single-direction travel leads to both the
development of a "head"
and to balanced structures on each side.
8. To make a macronucleus, you need
___C___ a. A
regular nucleus b. Another
macronucleus
c. A micronucleus
d. A cell wall
e. "NUCLEUS" to already be on the Scrabble TM
board
...both types of nuclei are made from micronuclei, as
part of their
"master copy" function.
9. If the bark with its phloem is stripped from
around a tree, the flow of materials can
no longer get to the
___A___
a.
Roots b.
Leaves
c. Xylem d.
Flowers
e. Convenience store
...it's necessary to know where things are going in the
phloem.
10. Which would have a mesoderm?
___D___ a.
Sponge & jellyfish
b. Jellyfish & fluke
c. Hydra & coral
d. Turbellarian & fluke
e. Isn’t that some sort of beauty product?
...of the 3 groups represented in the answers, only
flatworms have mesoderm.
11. The basic purpose of a fruit is to
___A___
a.
Spread seeds
b. Feed animals
c. Carry pollen
d. Fertilize the seeds
e. Have flavors that are copied in candy
...it's the basic definition.
12. Which are parasites?
___C___ a. Apicomplexans & sponges
b. Sponges & flukes
c. Apicomplexans & flukes
d. Hydras & amebas
e. TV executives & pop stars
...there are only a few groups that are totally
made up of parasites.
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be
corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are the two particular types of environments
that probably served as the link or "staging areas" for the movement of
life from the oceans up onto the land? |
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Tidal pools |
Fresh water |
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2. Tree rings are alternating light and dark
rings. Around here, which season is most likely to give rise to |
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Dark
Winter: little growth = small cells =
rings?
dense/dark rings |
Light Summer
rings? |
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3. What are two different uses for carotenoids? |
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Capturing light frequencies for photosynthesis
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Coloring flowers, fruits,
etc. |
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4. What are two different types of bribes
that plants offer to the animals that they co-evolve with? |
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Fruit (for seed
spreading) |
Nectar or edible pollen
(for pollen spreading)
Fake females (for pollen spreading) |
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5. Name the specialized cell types that are only
found in each animal group - |
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SPONGES Collar cells
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CNIDARIA
Stinging cells / cnidocytes
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6. For nutrients that plants need that are
not needed for photosynthesis - |
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Which
Nitrogen (a)
nutrient? Phosphorus (b) |
How’s it
used in the (a)
Building proteins
plant?
(b) Making ATP |
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7. Why are flatworms flat?
...it keeps all of the cells close
to a surface for respiration & waste removal. |
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8. Which two groups of protozoans are generally
linked into a supergroup? |
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Amebas |
Flagellates |
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9. For a typical pine tree, give two sets of
differences that would be obvious to someone standing nearby - |
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MALE
CONES |
Higher |
FEMALE
CONES |
Lower |
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Smaller |
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Larger |
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10. Lichens are a combination of - |
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What type
Algae
of plant? |
What other
type of
Fungus
organism? |
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11. Briefly explain what happens in a germinating seed
that makes the shoot grow upward.
...auxins (growth-type hormones)
settle to bottom and make cells grow faster there, bending it up. |
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12. Give the basic process of photosynthesis.
(materials can be spelled out - you don’t need chemical symbols) |
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Carbon
Dioxide + Water
____Light____>
Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen
Ingoing material or materials........Energy...........Outgoing material or
materials. |
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13. Explain what a pioneer organism is.
...it's one of the
first organisms that can live in a "new" environment.
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14. By definition, what makes a host an
intermediate host?
...the parasite
reproduces asexually in it.
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the
following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are four structures or abilities that evolved
in gymnosperms that were "new," not found in the earlier groups? |
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Pollen |
Seeds |
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True roots |
Pollen tubes |
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Cones |
Tree rings |
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Needles |
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2. Give the important steps of a fern’s life cycle.
Include the names of the 2 main forms and the types of reproduction used.
The lines below are not meant to correspond to the number of steps - it’s
like a bit of lined paper. |
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Sporophytes produce spores asexually
and release them. |
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Spores settle some place wet and grow
into small gametophyte. |
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Gametophytes release sperm which swim
to egg cells. |
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Asexual reproduction happens. |
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Zygote grows into sporophyte. |
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3. Give four sets of general differences between - |
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EGG CELLS |
SPERM |
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Much larger (contain stored food) |
Smaller |
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Fewer are made |
Many more are made |
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Waits somewhere for sperm to reach it |
Able to get to egg cell |
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During production, each starting cell
produces only one egg cell (and 3 polar bodies) |
During production, each starting cell
produces 4 sperm cells. |
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4. For the processes that help move water up a plant,
give the proper term for two, then for each one briefly
explain how it works. |
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Root Pressure |
Diffusion / Osmosis moves
water in from soil and up |
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Adhesion |
Attraction to materials
draws water into starchy tissues |
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Cohesion |
Attraction of water
molecules to each other holds columns of water together to be drawn up |
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5. Give three sets of differences between - |
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CILIA |
FLAGELLA |
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Smaller |
Larger |
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Always on cell in high numbers |
Rarely more than 12 on a cell |
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Work together in coordinated fashion |
Rarely coordinated |
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Simple, without add-on structures |
May have add-on structures |
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6. Give four sets of differences between - |
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DICOTS |
MONOCOTS |
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Two-piece
Seeds |
One-piece
Seeds |
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Flower
Parts in multiples of 4 or 5 |
Flower
Parts in multiples of 3 |
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Leaf
Veins branch out from a central vein |
Leaf
Veins mostly parallel each other |
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Root
Systems mostly have one major root from which smaller
ones grow (Taproot) |
Root
Systems mostly branch out equally from base (Fibrous
Roots) |
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Stems
sometimes grow in ring pattern (sometimes woody) |
Stems do not grow in Ring Pattern (never woody) |
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Vascular
Bundles in stems
sometimes grow in ring pattern (sometimes woody) |
Stems'
vascular bundles form ring pattern in roots, scattered
in stems |
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7. Several different groups use
alternation of generations to increase their evolutionary chances -
we’ve looked at three different ways that this works. Explain the
different evolutionary strengths of the approach, and for each one
give an example of a group that benefits that way. |
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Asexual form can't move - sexual forms are mobile,
allowing mating
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Corals |
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Sexual
form limits size (needs to stay close to surface for sperm dispersal) - asexual forms allow greater dispersal |
Ferns |
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Asexual allows copies of
successful forms, while sexual allows mixing of successful traits |
Flukes, Apicomplexans,
Tapeworms |
No Key for BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong
answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can
get partial credit on these answers.
Latin root words - Three Points each, tell what each one means -
-phyte
rhiz-
pseudopod
platyhelminth
Why, exactly, is it really useful to be able to digest
cellulose? Three Points.
Which part of a flower usually acts as a "landing pad"?
Three Points.
In Mexico, their (nastier) version of beaver fever is
caused by what sort of organism (subgroup)? Three Points.
Malaria used to have the stage that’s now in humans
in what other animal? (Hint: it’s not a mosquito!) Three Points.
What local condition is caused by schistosomes? Three
Points.
Why, probably, aren’t there actual human-infesting
schistosomes in the United States? Three Points.
In the training experiment, the flatworms applied a
type of thinking that should have been well beyond their abilities. What was
it? Three Points.
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