SC 139 - Fourth Exam 2008


Numbers are linked to relevant passages in the book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each.

NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.



1.  Which two features almost always are found together?

_______    a. Bilateral symmetry and cephalization                        b. Serial homology and radial symmetry
                c. Male systems and females systems                            d. Legs and backbones
                                                                e. Relationships and confusion



2.  Because of its group, a lamprey eel should

_______    a. Have an exoskeleton                 b. Have a bony skeleton                c. Spend its adult life on land                 d. Have no jaws
                                                                                    e. Have a shade on its head
 



3.  The water vascular system of Echinoderms does most of the work that is done in other animals by

_______    a. Gills                 b. Blood vessels                 c. Skeleton                d. Muscles                 e. Household servants
 



4.  A structure found particularly in mollusks and used as a functional space and/or a shell producer:

_______   a. Mantle                 b. Foot                 c. Chitin                d. Hydrostatic skeleton                 e. The space & shell salesguy
 



5. Which would be warm-blooded (endothermic)?

_______    a. Catfish and spider                 b. Sparrow and garter snake                c. Pigeon and cat                 d. Human and starfish
                                                                                    e. A hamster in a microwave



6.  Which is generally true about tapeworms?

_______    a. Adult tapeworms are more damaging than larval tapeworms                b. Larval tapeworms are more damaging than adult tapeworms
                c. Tapeworms are a subgroup of the segmented worms                           d. All of these
                                                                    e. Tapeworms are useful for sticking things together
 


7. Which would produce defensive poisons to keep itself from being eaten?

_______    a. Hookworm and newt                 b. Centipede and spider                c. Toad and millipede                 d. Squid and earthworm
                                                                                e. This is the secret to cafeteria cooking
 


8.  Segmentation (metamerism) helps to simplify what process?

_______    a. Growth                 b. Reproduction                 c. Movement                d. Respiration                 e. Eating pizza
 


9. Which is in the same phylum as humans?

_______    a. Squid                 b. Sea squirt                c. Centipede                 d. Sea urchin                e. Uh ohhhh....
 


10.  Which are arachnids?

_______    a. Roundworms and snakes                 b. Snails and clams                c. Millipedes and centipedes                 d. Scorpions and ticks
                                                                                    e. Tricky, leaving out the one most people know...
 


11.  A swim bladder's main advantage is that it

_______    a. Conserves energy                        b. Improves respiration                        c. Is used as a jet propulsion system
                d. Changes the overall shape                                e. Helps on those long commutes with no rest rooms available
 


12.  Which would have a skeleton made up almost entirely of cartilage?

_______    a. Sea urchin                 b. Mako shark                c. Monitor lizard                 d. Seagull
                                        e. The one who didn't read the contract closely enough
 

 

SHORT ANSWER.

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1.  The major subgroups of amphibians -
& &

2. Many land animals produce metabolic wastes in the form of uric acid. Why?

 

 

3.  Give one example from each group:
MONOTREMES


 

MARSUPIALS


 

4.  What are two of the four major subdivisions of the insects? (Not looking for specific examples, just large, general subgroupings)
 

 

 
5. Give two examples, each from totally different phyla, of animals that go through metamorphosis.
 

 

 
6. Give two sets of differences between the structures of the nerve cords in most -
Invertebrates


 

Vertebrates


 

7.  What is one major advantage of a one-way, tube-in-a-tube digestive system, over the earlier "models?"
 

 

 

8.  Of the two types of structures used for moving in insects, tell how many of what types are commonly present.
 


 

 
9.  Give two of the subgroups within the segmented worms (Annelids).
 


 

 
10.  What are two facts or features that suggest a close connection between birds and dinosaurs?
 


 

 
11.  Give one set of differences between the basic features of -
MILLIPEDES


 

CENTIPEDES
 

 

12.  What are the two different basic uses of the notochord?
 


 

 
13.  What are two different traits that mammals have but not other animal groups?
 


 

 
14. Which are the largest groups, within the categories -
Named
Species?
Vertebrates? Ability to
occupy diverse
niches?
15.  Chromatophores are used for what two very different functions?
 


 

 



LONG ANSWER.

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1.  What are four different subgroups within the placental mammals?
 


 

 

 

 

 
2.  For the types listed below, give three sets of differences and one example of an animal from that type: (Don't give the same features twice under different names).
PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES
 


 

 
 


 

 

 

 

 
Examples:

 

 
3.  Give four fight-related characteristics of birds, and for each briefly explain how it relates to fight ability.
 


 

 
 


 

 
 


 

 
 


 

 
4.  Under each of these types of skeleton systems, give two advantages that one has over the other. Note, this is NOT asking for sets of differences!
EXOSKELETON Advantages:  ENDOSKELETON Advantages:
 


 

 
 


 

 
5.  Three major subgroups of reptiles (still living) - each has two "types" within it...
AND
AND
AND
6.  For each of the three major subgroups of Mollusks, give the group, and then describe the characteristic form the foot takes in that group.
 


 

 

 

 

 
 


 

 
7. For four different types of roundworms / nematodes, give the species or common name and then one feature for each that makes them unusual, even compared to other nematodes.
 


 

 
 


 

 
 


 

 

 

 

 

Link to Answer Key

BONUS QUESTIONS.

Answer as many as you are able.
Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

How do sheep tapeworm larvae increase the chances that the ants they're in will get eaten by sheep (Three Points), and how do they accomplish this? (Three Points)

 


Many people locally have preventive medication for roundworms in their homes. What type of roundworm is it? Three Points.

 


We are probably here only because one group of mollusks never developed a certain ability. Which group (Two Points), and which ability (Two Points)?
 



Horseshoe crabs were used earlier in the semester as an example of what evolutionary process? Three Points.
 


If an insect has full wings, what does this indicate about the insect, beyond that it maybe can fly? Three Points.

 


When a starfish has grabbed a clam, why exactly does the clam eventually open up? Three Points.

 


The amphibians are, from a reproductive standpoint, the vertebrate equivalent of which plant group? Three Points.

 


Scientists used to think that the pterosaurs, the winged lizards of the time of the dinosaurs, couldn't really fly because they lacked what structure? Three Points.

 


There is an excellent reason to expect that such groups as the crocodiles, the penguins, or the whales will never develop a type of underwater breathing system, like gills. What is that reason? Three Points.

 

Marsupials survived the longest in South America and Australia. For Three Points, explain why.
 



Which basic body plans show up in multiple unrelated animal groups? Three Points Each.

 


 
     

 

Michael McDarby.

 

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