SC 139 - Third Exam 2000

ANSWER KEY

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

                    1. A common life cycle in Cnidarians includes
___A___              a. Mobile, sexual medusa & sessile, asexual polyp
                            b. Mobile, sexual polyp & sessile, asexual medusa
                            c. Mobile, asexual medusa & sessile, sexual polyp
                            d. Mobile, asexual polyp & sessile, sexual medusa
                            e. Shouldn't it include a check-up for those polyps?

                            ...it's alternations of generations with the sexual ones being able to move
                                and find partners.  Can be narrowed down if you remember that
                                medusae are little jellyfish (mobile) and/or that they are the
                                hunter-maters (sexual) or that hydras (seen in the lab) are polyps

                    2. A root tip needs the protection of a root cap because it is
___D___              a. Likely to be eaten                                   b. Full of young cells
                            c. Absorbing water                                     d. Pushing through the soil
                                        e. Likely to catch its death of cold without a cap

                            ...it keeps abrasives in the soil from wearing down the tip...

                    3. Which is caused by a sporozoan?
___C___              a. Beaver fever                 b. Dysentery                 c. Malaria
                            d. Common cold                 e. Wanting to marry a multimillionaire

                            ...you have to match the disease with the group, from the notes -
                                a is a flagellate, b is an ameba, d we didn't do - it's a virus

                    4. When a ciliate needs to produce a particular protein, it gets a working copy
                                        of the code from the
___B___              a. Nucleus                 b. Macronucleus                 c. Micronucleus
                            d. Cilia                                             e. Internet

                            ...cells do work using a nucleus;  ciliates have 2 types - the macronucleus
                                is used in day-to-day things like this, the micronucleus is just a master
                                copy of the DNA for when copies need to be made.

                    5. Serial homology is a term that applies to
___B___              a. Embryos                     b. Legs                     c. Branches
                            d. Cell cultures                             e. Sugar Pops

                            ...it's when legs and other appendages are all built from the same basic
                                pattern  (a series of homologous structures)

                    6. A rhizome is a reproductive structure formed from a(n)
                            a. Underground stem                             b. Aboveground stem
___A___              c. Special sprouting root                        d. Dropped leaf
                            e. Is it really appropriate to be discussing reproductive parts?

                            ...right out of the notes / book

                    7. Which body pattern is linked to cephalization?
___D___              a. Hermaphrodites                             b. Radial symmetry
                            c. Sessile                                           d. Bilateral symmetry
                            e. It doesn't matter, one shouldn't be focused on body pattern

                            ...the development of a "head" end sets up a trailing body with 
                                balanced right-and-left sides

                    8. Capillary action depends mostly on which feature of water?
___A___             a. Its attraction for surfaces
                            b. Its attraction between water molecules
                            c. Its ability to generate osmosis / diffusion pressure
                            d. Its ability to run downhill
                            e. Wetness.

                            ...this moves it up tubes as water molecules "climb" the sides

                    9. The brain of an animal begins as
___A___              a. Ectoderm                     b. Endoderm                     c. Mesoderm
                            d. Neuroderm                         e. Untrained as a college student's

                            ...right out of the notes / book

                    10. The ability of organs to move independently is an evolutionary product of
___A___              a. Body cavities                             b. Embryonic tissue layers
                            c. Types of symmetry                     d. All of these
                                                e. Very careful butchery

                            ...having spaces between them keeps them from interfering with each's
                                other's actions

                    11. Most transpiration in a plant would occur in which part?
___A___              a. Leaves                 b. Internal tissues                 c. Roots
                            d. Stems                         e. Depends upon its deodorant use

                            ...water loss is through the stomates, which are mostly in the leaves

                    12. Collar cells are part of a
___B___              a. Embryo's outside                             b. Sponge's filter
                            c. Woody stem                                    d. Cnidarian's defense
                                            e. Farm-grown business suit

                            ...the collar does the filtering, out of the notes / book

SHORT ANSWER.  

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. Animals that are hermaphrodites but not self-fertilizing usually have two other characteristics connected to this. What are they?

            ...they don't run into other individuals a lot (so instead of a 50-50 chance of mating from each meeting, they can always mate when they meet) but they are rarely completely by themselves (and so don't have to risk remixing their own genes in dangerous ways)


2. In animals, there are two main reasons why alternations of generations appears in a life cycle. What are they?

            ...when an "adult" form cannot really move (it reproduces asexually, but a mobile mating form is needed) but needs to spread widely, or when the odds are so against a parasite that it need to use the advantages of both reproduction types (the evolutionary advantage of variety but the ability to make copies of successful forms)


3. Fill in the blanks for the basic process of photosynthesis.

carbon dioxide + water + __light__ --> __sugar (glucose)__ + ___oxygen__
     material         material      Energy                   material                 material

4. What are two other features related to the colors of the various algaes?

            ...the types of chlorophyll they use and the depths at which they grow best


5. What are two different processes in plants that are controlled by hormones?

            ...it's a long list, including growth, maturity, growth patterns, defense & immunity, ripening, timing, sprouting, and others


6. What remarkable ability was discovered in Trypanosomes?

            ...as the body makes antibodies to attach to their surface antigens (it's the only way your immune system can find them to remove them), they mix and match their genes and change antigens so the antibodies can't attach;  when the body makes new antibodies, they change again, on and on...



7. Which leaf vein system typically goes with being a:

MONOCOT:   Parallel

DICOT:   Branched

8. Name and describe the two basic parts of a leaf.

            ...the stemlike petiole and the flat blade



9. Which root system typically goes with being a:

MONOCOT:     Fibrous

DICOT:  Taproot

10. Which two Protozoan groups are linked into one Supergroup?

            ...the amebas and the flagellates


11. The basic organization of a plant can be divided into two sections that together include the whole plant. What are the sections?

            ...the root system and the shoot system


12. Where are spicules found, and what are their function?

            ...they're in sponges, and they give them structure, almost like a skeleton


13. Give the basic function and directionality:

XYLEM:  carries water & nutrients up

PHLOEM:  carries sugar fuel down

14. Why, exactly, does seasonal growth produce tree rings?

            ...during the good season, growth produces large, well-spaced cells that make a light ring;  the bad season produces small, tightly-packed cells, a dark ring or line that's counted as a ring


15. Some protozoans, like the radiolarians, have very long, thin pseudopods. Why?

            ...it helps them to float near the surface - spread out, they don't sink as easily


16. What are the three parts of a slime mold fruiting body?

            ...the base, the stalk, and the spore-maker

LONG ANSWER. 

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. Give three sets of differences between:

2. Give three sets of distinct differences between:

3. For the four of the major subgroups of Protozoans, give the name of the group (common name is fine) and the primary method that group uses for movement.

4. For the four types of plant tissues, name the tissue type and give one function or distinct structure associated with that tissue.

5. For the leaf layers given below, describe the arrangement and/ or types of cells in each layer, and one function of the layer.

6. List four general but different characteristics of animals.  Think animal KINGDOM.

7. List four basic characteristics (but not just general animal characteristics) shared by Sponges and Cnidarians.

NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.

BONUS QUESTIONS. 

Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.

Briefly explain, for Four Points each, how a from a buried germinating seed, a sprouting root bends downward and a shoot bends upwards.

Twenty years ago, someone pounded a rustproof nail into a tree five feet from the ground, with two inches of nail showing. The tree's still alive, having grown about 3 inches per year, and the nail is still in it. But where, approximately? Four Points.

Your book has marine algae classified as protozoans. Give a feature of the algae that supports this classification. Three Points.

When someone has beaver fever, after a couple of weeks the symptoms go away. Why? Four Points.

What is the definition of a commensal? (The trichomonads that live in some people's mouths are commensals.) Four Points.

If local waters are found to contain a lot of diatoms, what mineral must be present in the water? Three Points.

There is a generally-accepted truth about sponges that would seem to demand their classification in their own Kingdom. What is it? Four Points.