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SC 139 - Fourth Exam 2000
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
ANSWER KEY
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question. Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
1. Which would lay sealed, waterproof eggs?
___D___ a. Toad, snake, and canary
b. Turtle, parrot, and kangaroo
c. Snail, butterfly, and rabbit
d. Platypus, crow, and crocodile
e. Do what to what?
...this amounts to: which lay eggs on land?
2. Pinworms are
___C___
a. Only tropical
b. Only subtropical
c. Common locally
d. Passed by insects
e. Not as popular as other forms of jewelry
...from the notes...
3. The water vascular system of Echinoderms does most of the work that
is done in other animals by
___D___
a. Gills
b. Blood vessels
c. Skeleton
d. Muscles
e. Household servants
...from the notes...
4. Which would have a mantle?
___B___
a. Spider
b. Snail
c. Goldfish
d. Bird
e. I can't see them even having a fireplace...
...it's "find the mollusk"...
5. Which would be warm-blooded (endothermic)?
___C___
a. Catfish and spider
b. Sparrow and garter snake
c. Pigeon and cat
d. Human and starfish
e. A hamster in a microwave
...only the birds and mammals...
6. Which is generally true about tapeworms?
a. Adult tapeworms are more damaging than larval tapeworms
b. Larval tapeworms are more damaging than adult tapeworms
___B___
c. Tapeworms are a subgroup of the segmented worms
d. All of these
e. Tapeworms are useful for sticking things together
...from the notes...
7. Which would produce defensive poisons to keep itself from being eaten?
___C___
a. Hookworm and newt
b. Centipede and spider
c. Toad and millipede
d. Squid and earthworm
e. This is the secret to cafeteria cooking
...from the notes...the "defensive" part is important...
8. Segmentation (metamerism) helps to simplify what process?
___A___
a. Growth
b. Reproduction
c. Movement
d. Respiration
e. Eating pizza
...it helps build a bigger animal...
9. Which is not a reptile?
___C___
a. Turtle
b. Snake
c. Salamander
d. Alligator
e. Professors - no, wait, yes they are...
...from the notes, a salamander is an amphibian...
10. Schistosomes are a
___A___
a. Dangerous flatworm parasite
b. Intestinal roundworm
c. Primitive arthropod
d. Nonshelled mollusk
e. Tiny structures on your schist
...if you just remember the phylum it belongs to, you're all right
here...
11. A scolex is a structure on a(n)
___D___
a. Leech
b. Starfish
c. Shark
d. Tapeworm
e. Isn't that a watch?
...from the notes, seen in the lab...
12. Which would have a skeleton made up almost entirely of cartilage?
___A___
a. Mako shark
b. Sea urchin
c. Monitor lizard
d. Seagull
e. The one who didn't read the contract closely enough
...from the notes...
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
1. An insect would generally have appendages for movement on its thorax. What types
of appendages, and how many of each type?
...six
legs (or 3 pairs), four wings (or 2 pairs)
2. Many land animals produce metabolic wastes in the form of uric acid. Why?
...it
keeps embryos sealed in eggs with their own wastes from poisoning
themselves (uric acid is nontoxic)
3. Briefly explain why there are probably more species of roundworms than insects.
...it seems like each and every species of insect probably has its own
individual species of roundworm parasites - and there's lots more
roundworms than those.
4. What are two of the subgroups within the arachnids?
...spiders OR scorpions OR mites OR ticks OR daddy longlegs...
5. Give an example from each group -
INVERTEBRATE CHORDATES:
Includes sea squirts and lancelets
|
JAWLESS FISH:
Includes slime eels and lamprey eels |
6. Give an example from each group -
MONOTREMES:
Platypus or spiny anteater (echidna) |
MARSUPIALS:
There are lots - kangaroos, opossums,
koalas, wombats, etc |
7. What major advantage is linked to the evolution of a one-way, tube-in-a-tube digestive
system, over the earlier "models?"
...it allows a step-by-step breakdown of food, and new food added
with food still in the system...
8. What, by definition, makes a host an intermediate host?
...the parasite must reproduce asexually there...
9. Give two of the subgroups within the segmented worms (Annelids).
...includes marine worms OR freshwater worms & earthworms OR
leeches
10. For the animal that produces "swimmer's itch":
The subgroup it belongs to -
flukes or schistosomes
|
Its final host:
water birds |
11. If a group of animals are free-living, what does that mean?
...they live free in the environment, not on other organisms
12. Give two different examples of invertebrates that are considered quite intelligent.
...includes octopus, squids, ants, bees, termites, etc
13. What sort of animal is Caenorhabditis elegans, and why is it significant?
...it's a roundworm that has been an important lab animal in
studies on development
14. The only common local filarial roundworm can be found usually in two different types
of hosts around here. What are those hosts?
...that would be heartworms, in mosquitoes and dogs around here
15. Briefly explain the original use of the caduceus, the medical symbol.
...used to extract guinea worms from beneath the skin, winding
them up on a stick...
16. Define what is meant by pentaradial symmetry.
...a round,
"pie-slice-type" layout divided into fifths
LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
1. Pick four vertebrate chordate classes / subgroups - name it and describe a feature or
combination of features that makes it distinct from the other vertebrate groups.
Cartilage Fish
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Have skeleton made up of cartilage |
Bony Fish
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Bony skeleton with gills; gill covers;
swim bladders |
Amphibians
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Life cycle includes larvae in water, adults on
land; moist, glandular skin; extremely large mouths for
size |
Reptiles
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Scaly and well-adapted to land |
| Birds
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Feathers and could be many other bird-specific
traits
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| Mammals
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Fur or hair; young born alive; milk
feeding to young
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2. Name the three major subgroups of Mollusks, and for each tell what sort of form the
foot takes in that subgroup.
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SNAILS & SLUGS |
FLAT, CILIA-BOTTOMED FOR MOVING IN MUCUS |
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CLAMS & RELATIVES |
TONGUE-SHAPED FOR DIGGING
& PUSHING |
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OCTOPUS, SQUIDS & RELATIVES |
TENTACLES WITH SUCKERS |
3. Pick four adaptations found in birds that help them fly - name the adaptation and briefly
explain how it contributes to flight ability.
"WARM-BLOODED"
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High metabolism needed to power flight when needed |
Air Spaces in bones & body
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Reduces weight and adds to respiration
(lots of oxygen needed) |
Wings
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Should be obvious |
Feathers
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Lightweight, insulating for conserving
heat/energy,
good for pushing air |
|
No teeth |
Reduces weight |
|
Body bones fused together |
Wing energy not lost in body movements |
|
Keel-like breast bone |
Anchor for flying muscles |
|
Build nest and feed / protect young |
Eggs laid early to reduce weight; young must
be quickly gotten to flying stage for their own survival |
|
Communicate with sound |
Allows communication from distance, in foliage and
while flying |
4. For each, give two advantages it has over the other -
| EXOSKELETON |
ENDOSKELETON |
More protective of animal
|
Can support much larger animals |
Provides better muscle leverage
|
Can grow smoothly and continuously |
5. For the two different types of nerve cords, give three sets of differences, and give one
example of a type of animal with that column's nerve cord.
| DORSAL
|
VENTRAL |
| HOLLOW
|
SOLID |
| SINGLE
|
DOUBLE |
| Any kind of vertebrate |
Any kind of segmented worm, or arthropod, or mollusk |
6. Give eight different examples of placental mammal subgroups.
| RODENTS
|
BATS |
| SINGLE-HOOFED ANIMALS
|
DOUBLE-HOOFED ANIMALS |
| RABBITS AND RELATIVES
|
PRIMATES |
| WHALES & DOLPHINS
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CARNIVORES (THIS IS NOT JUST MEAT-EATERS, IT'S
THE NAME OF A SUBGROUP) |
| ELEPHANTS
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SEALS AND RELATIVES |
NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points
being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.
How do sheep tapeworm larvae increase the
chances that the ants they're in will get eaten
by sheep (Three Points), and how do they
accomplish this? (Three Points)
Under what circumstances does a person get
creeping eruption? Four Points.
Horseshoe crabs were used earlier in the
semester as an example of what evolutionary
process? Three Points.
Why are the tops of insect heads constructed
differently from those of most spiders? Four
Points.
What benefits do insects get from indirect
development? Three Points each.
The amphibians are, from a reproductive
standpoint, the vertebrate equivalent of which
plant group? Three Points.
Scientists used to think that the pterosaurs,
the winged lizards of the time of the dinosaurs,
couldn't really fly because they lacked what
structure? Three Points.
There is an excellent reason to expect that
such groups as the crocodiles, the penguins, or
the whales will never develop a type of
underwater breathing system, like gills. What
is that reason? Three Points.
Among major groups of organisms, which
groups have been the most successful? For up
to four groups (phylum level or larger - if you
pick a smaller group, discuss the large group
it's part of!), name the group and give a good
reason why that group could be considered the
most successful. Four Points each.
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